1. Communication
Non verbal
Communication
and use of
body language

2. Communication in general is process of sending and receiving messages that enables humans to share knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Although we usually identify communication with speech, communication is composed of two dimensions - verbal and nonverbal.

3. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions, and positioning within groups. It may also include the way we wear our clothes or the silence we keep.

4. BODILY SPEAKING…
According to the social anthropologist, Edward T. Hall, in a normal conversation between two persons, less than 35% of the social meanings is actually transmitted by words.
So, at least 65% of it is conveyed through the body (non-verbal channel).

5. Have you ever heard anyone say, "His actions spoke so loudly I couldn't hear what he said?"

6. Categories
Physical. This is the personal type of communication. It includes facial expressions, tone of voice, sense of touch, sense of smell, and body motions.

7. Aesthetic. This is the type of communication that takes place through creative expressions: playing instrumental music, dancing, painting and sculpturing.

8. Use of various signs in non verbal communication

9. Symbolic. This is the type of communication that makes use of religious, status, or ego-building symbols.

10. Physical Aspects of Non Verbal communication.
Kinesics (study of body language) Body motions such as shrugs, foot tapping, drumming fingers, eye movements such as winking, facial expressions, and gestures
Proxemics (proximity) Use of space to signal privacy or attraction
Haptics Touch
Oculesics Eye contact
Chronemics Use of time, waiting, pausing
Olfactics Smell
Vocalics Tone of voice, timbre, volume, speed
Sound symbols Grunting, mmm, er, ah, uh-huh, mumbling
Silence Pausing, waiting, secrecy
Posture Position of the body, stance
Adornment Clothing, jewellery, hairstyle
Locomotion Walking, running, staggering, limping

11. Facial Expressions Face is the index of Mind
The eyes, the lips and the muscles express many feelings
It can also be deceived by manipulation

12. Let’s Examine How Body Communicates, from head to toes

13. HEAD Nodding the head Tossing the head backward
“Yes” in most societies
“No” in some parts of Greece, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Turkey
Tossing the head backward
“yes” in Thailand, the Philippines, India, Rocking head slowly, back and forth
“yes, I’m listening” in most Asian cultures

14. FACE
Facial expressions reflect emotion, feelings and attitudes, but…..
The Asians are sometimes known as
emotionless
mixed-up emotion

15. The Eyes
Stare or fixed gaze suggest involvement or wonder or eye disapproval.
Raised looks show dominance.
Downcast looks suggest weakness and submission
Direct eye contact communicates honesty, transparency and neutral attitude.

16. EYES Encouraged in America, Canada, Europe
Eye contacts
Encouraged in America, Canada, Europe
Rude in most Asian countries and in Africa
Raising eyebrows
“Yes” in Thailand and some Asian countries
“Hello” in the Philippines
Winking eye
Sharing secret in America and Europe
flirtatious gesture in other countries

17. EYES (Cont’d) Closed eyes bored or sleepy in America
“I’m listening and concentrating.” in Japan, Thailand, China

18. EARS Ear grasp Cupping the ear Pulling ear
“I’m sorry.” in parts of India
Cupping the ear
“I can’t hear you.” in all societies
Pulling ear
“You are in my heart” for Navajo Indians

19. NOSE Holding the nose “Something smells bad.” universal Nose tap
“It’s confidential.” England
“Watch out!” or "Be careful.” Italy

20. NOSE Pointing to nose “It’s me.” Japan Blowing nose
In most Asian countries, blowing the nose at social gathering is ‘disgusting.’

21. CHEEKS Cheek screw Cheek stroke gesture of praise - Italy
“That’s crazy.” Germany
Cheek stroke
“pretty, attractive, success” most Europe

22. THE LIP POINTING
Lip pointing (a substitute for pointing with the hand or finger) is common among Filipinos, Native Americans, Ricans, and many Latin Americans.
Open mouth. Any display of the open mouth is considered very rude in most countries.

23. ARMS
Some cultures, like the Italians, use the arms freely. Others, like the Japanese, are more reserved; it is considered impolite to gesticulate with broad movements of the arms.
Folding arms are interpreted by some social observers as a form of excluding self, “I am taking a defensive posture,” or “I disagree with what I am hearing.”

24. ARMS (Cont’d)
Arms akimbo. In many cultures, this stance signals aggression, resistance, impatience, or even anger.
Arms behind back, hands grasped is a sign of ease and control.
Arms in front, hands grasped, common practice in most Asian countries, is a sign of mutual respect for others.

25. HANDS
Of all the body parts, the hands are probably used most for communicating non-verbally.
Hand waves are used for greetings, beckoning, or farewells.

26. HANDS
The Italian “good-bye” wave can be interpreted by Americans as the gesture of “come here.”
The American “good-bye” wave can be interpreted in many parts of Europe and Latin America as the signal for “no.”

27. HANDS (Cont’d)
Beckoning.
The American way of getting attention (raising a hand with the index finger raised above head) could be considered rude in Japan, and also means “two” in Germany.
The American “come here” gesture could be seen as an insult in most Asian countries.
In China, to beckon a waiter to refill your tea, simply turn your empty cup upside down.

28. HANDS (Cont’d)
Handshaking is a form of greeting in most Western cultures.
In the Middle East, a gentle grip is appropriate.
In most Asian cultures, a gentle grip and an avoidance of direct eye contact is appropriate.

29. HANDS (Cont’d)
Right hand. The right hand has special significance in many societies. In certain countries in the Middle East and in Asia, it is best to present business cards or gifts, or to pass dishes of food, to get an attention, using only the right hand or both.
Left hand is considered unclean in much of the Middle East and in parts of Indonesia.

30. HANDS (Cont’d) Hang loose. (thumb and little finger extended)
could convey different meanings:
in Hawaii, it’s a way of saying, “Stay cool,” or “Relax.”
in Japan, it means six.
In Mexico (do vertically), it means, “Would you like a drink?”

31. HANDS (Cont’d) Clapping hands.
Russians and Chinese may use applause to greet someone.
In many central and eastern Europe, audience frequently clap in rhythm

32. FINGERS
The “O.K.” signal. (the thumb and forefinger form a circle) means
“fine,” or “O.K.” in most cultures,
“zero” or “worthless” in some parts of Europe
“money” in Japan
an insult in Greece, Brazil, Italy, Turkey, Russia and some other countries

33. FINGERS (Cont’d) Thumb-up” means:
“O.K.” “good job” or “fine” in most cultures,
“Up yours!” in Australia
“Five” in Japan; “One” in Germany
Avoid a thumb-up in these countries: Australia, New Zealand, Greece, Turkey, Iran, Russia, and most African countries.

34. FINGERS (Cont’d) Pointing.
Pointing with the index finger is common in North America and Europe.
But it is considered impolite in Japan and China where they favor using the whole open hand.
Malaysians prefer pointing with the thumb.

35. LEGS AND FEET In Asia, do not point with your toes.
In Asia and some European countries, putting feet up on a desk or any other piece of furniture is very disrespectful.
Sitting cross-legged, while common in North America and some European countries, is very impolite in other parts of the world.

36. LEGS AND FEET (Cont’d)
In most Asian countries, a solid and balanced sitting posture is the prevailing custom. Sitting cross-legged shows the sign of
In the Middle East and most parts of Asia, resting the ankle over the other knee risks pointing the sole of your shoe at another person, which is considered a rude gesture.

37. Gestures and Postures Positive Gestures Postures Open Palms
Eye-to-eye confrontation
Smile
Equal Handshake
Postures
Standing position
Walking style
Hand Movements

38. NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR
INTERPRETATION
Brisk, erect walk
Confidence
Standing with hands on hips
Readiness, aggression
Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly
Boredom
Sitting, legs apart
Open, relaxed
Arms crossed on chest
Defensiveness
Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched
Dejection

39. NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR
INTERPRETATION
Hand to cheek
Evaluation, thinking
Touching, slightly rubbing nose
Rejection, doubt, lying
Rubbing the eye
Doubt, disbelief
Hands clasped behind back
Anger, frustration, apprehension
Locked ankles
Apprehension
Head resting in hand, eyes downcast
Boredom
Rubbing hands
Anticipation

40. Territory Intimate Personal Social Public Touching 6-18”
Close -1½ to 2½ feet
Far - 2½ to 4 ½ feet
Social
Close 4-7 feet
Far feet
Public
Close feet
Far - 25 feet or greater

41. A Small Class Exercise

42. So What Does This Mean? Let me see! Pondering Thinking Considering
Authoritative
Pondering
Thinking
Considering

43. So What Does This Mean? Can I help! Trust me! You’re in good hands!
Helping Hand

44. So What Does This Mean?
Dejected
Disappointed
Lost it.

45. So What Does This Mean? Now just stop that! Get out of here! Defensive
Oppositional

46. So What Does This Mean?
So tell me more!
Open
Accepting
Welcoming

47. Conclusion Importance confidence-building expressions and gestures
awareness of non-verbal cues
avoiding misunderstandings

48. FOR ALL OF US…
Becoming sensitive to the clues of body language can help us communicate more effectively

49. Q & A
QUESTIONS IF
ANY ?

50. THANK YOU