1. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural 601 New Jersey Avenue Washington, D.C. Alternative Construction Materials Amber L. House Structural Option

2. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Thesis Overview  Building Introduction  Structural Depth  Architectural Breadth  Construction Management Breadth  Conclusions  Acknowledgements  Questions Presentation Outline:

3. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Thesis Overview  Building Introduction  Structural Depth  Architectural Breadth  Construction Management Breadth  Conclusions  Acknowledgements  Questions Presentation Outline:

4. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Replace Existing Floor System  Investigate the Impacts of this Change on other Systems  Determined How this Change will influence the Cost and Construction Schedule  Summarize Owner’s Options. Thesis Overview:

5. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Thesis Overview  Building Introduction  Structural Depth  Architectural Breadth  Construction Management Breadth  Conclusions  Acknowledgements  Questions Presentation Outline:

6. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Purpose: Win the tenancy of the Federal Trade Commission Win the tenancy of the Federal Trade Commission  Location: Washington, D.C.  Size: Office: 258,000 sq ft. (9 stories) Office: 258,000 sq ft. (9 stories) Garage: 90,000 sq ft. (3 levels) Garage: 90,000 sq ft. (3 levels)  Completed: August 2001 Building Introduction:

7. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Project Team: Owner: Lowe Enterprises & Teacher’s Insurance Annuity Association Owner: Lowe Enterprises & Teacher’s Insurance Annuity Association General Contractor: James G. Davis Construction Co. General Contractor: James G. Davis Construction Co. Architect: Hickok Warner Fox Architects Architect: Hickok Warner Fox Architects Civil Engineers: Delon Hampton & Associates Civil Engineers: Delon Hampton & Associates MEP Engineers: Girard Engineering, Ltd. MEP Engineers: Girard Engineering, Ltd. Structural Engineers: Structural Design Group, Ltd. Structural Engineers: Structural Design Group, Ltd. Building Introduction (con’t) :

8. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Site: Shape Shape Special features: Special features: Limitations: Limitations: 110 foot Height110 foot Height Minimum Site ParkingMinimum Site Parking 1 spot per 1800 sq ft. 1 spot per 1800 sq ft. Square FeetSquare Feet Building Introduction (con’t) :

9. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Thesis Overview  Building Introduction  Structural Depth  Architectural Breadth  Construction Management Breadth  Conclusions  Acknowledgements  Questions Presentation Outline:

10. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Floor System  Columns  Foundations Structural Depth:

11. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Floor System  Columns  Foundations Structural Depth:

12. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Existing Office: 3.25 inch light weight concrete 3.25 inch light weight concrete 3”- 20 gage steel deck 3”- 20 gage steel deck Composite steel beams Composite steel beams Occupies 24.5” Occupies 24.5” of floor space 40 foot spans 40 foot spans Floor System:

13. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Existing Garage: Two way system Two way system 9” slab 9” slab 3.5” Drop panels 3.5” Drop panels Floor System (con’t) :

14. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Redesigned Garage: (same)  Redesigned Office: Two way slab Two way slab 10.5” depth 10.5” depth 3.5” Drop panels typical 3.5” Drop panels typical 5.5” Drop panels 5.5” Drop panels 12” X 17.5” edge beam 12” X 17.5” edge beam Floor System (con’t) :

15. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural Floor System (con’t) :

16. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New Office: Two Way Slab Design Method (ADOSS) Two Way Slab Design Method (ADOSS) Floor System (con’t) :

17. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New Office: One Way One Way (1) #6 @12”(1) #6 @12” Floor System (con’t) :

18. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New vs. Old Office Floor System: Advantages: Advantages: Requires 14” less space floor to floor space.Requires 14” less space floor to floor space. 10 th floor can be added (28,500 sq ft.)10 th floor can be added (28,500 sq ft.) Low vibrationsLow vibrations Easy to form into shapesEasy to form into shapes Room for SprinklersRoom for Sprinklers Common material in D.C. areaCommon material in D.C. area Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Columns in office spaceColumns in office space Heavier systemHeavier system FormworkFormwork Floor System (con’t) :

19. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Floor System  Columns  Foundations Structural Depth:

20. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Existing: Steel W shapes Steel W shapes Start at first floor Start at first floor Typically span three floors Typically span three floors  New: Square Concrete Square Concrete F’c = 4000 psi upper levelsF’c = 4000 psi upper levels F’c = 5000 psi lower levelsF’c = 5000 psi lower levels Sizes: Sizes: Typically 16” x 16” to 24” x 24”Typically 16” x 16” to 24” x 24” 9 typical columns were designed 9 typical columns were designed Columns:

21. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Impact Analysis: At lowest garage level At lowest garage level Columns D13 & E7 Columns D13 & E7 Columns (con’t) :

22. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Impact Analysis: Vehicle Vehicle Vehicle: Large SUVVehicle: Large SUV Weight: 5000lbWeight: 5000lb Bumper height~ 36 inBumper height~ 36 in Acceleration 0-60mph in 8.5 secondsAcceleration 0-60mph in 8.5 seconds Assumptions: Assumptions: Deceleration of vehicle in 0.5 seconds.Deceleration of vehicle in 0.5 seconds. Central impactCentral impact Final velocity of automobile = 0Final velocity of automobile = 0 Column velocity = 0Column velocity = 0 Speed from sloped floor ignoredSpeed from sloped floor ignored Columns (con’t) :

23. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Impact Analysis: Columns (con’t) :

24. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Impact Analysis: Columns (con’t) :

25. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Floor System  Columns  Foundations Structural Depth:

26. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Existing Structure: Soil Conditions: Soil Conditions: River terrace deposits consisting of clay, silt, sand and gravel underlain by residual materialsRiver terrace deposits consisting of clay, silt, sand and gravel underlain by residual materials Contains concrete, brick and other construction debrisContains concrete, brick and other construction debris Ground water at depths ranging from 13 to 29 feet below the existing grade.Ground water at depths ranging from 13 to 29 feet below the existing grade. Maximum allowable soil bearing pressure of 6000 psf.Maximum allowable soil bearing pressure of 6000 psf. Interior Foundations: Interior Foundations: Concrete F’c = 3000 psiConcrete F’c = 3000 psi ReinforcedReinforced SquareSquare Foundations:

27. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Existing Structure: Perimeter Foundations: Perimeter Foundations: Concrete F’c = 3000 psiConcrete F’c = 3000 psi Reinforced Fy= 60 ksiReinforced Fy= 60 ksi RectangularRectangular Strap beamStrap beam Foundations (con’t) :

28. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Redesigned Structure: Interior Foundations Interior Foundations Only 10. 5” from perimeterOnly 10. 5” from perimeterfoundation. Foundations (con’t) :

29. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Redesigned Structure: Perimeter Foundations Perimeter Foundations Loads less than existingLoads less than existing Removed strap beamRemoved strap beam Used a combined footingUsed a combined footing Foundations (con’t) :

30. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Redesigned Structure: Core Foundations Core Foundations Foundations (con’t) :

31. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Thesis Overview  Building Introduction  Structural Depth  Architectural Breadth  Construction Management Breadth  Conclusions  Acknowledgements  Questions Presentation Outline:

32. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  G-Street Facade  Ceiling & Floor Heights  Columns in Office Space Architectural Breadth:

33. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  G-Street Facade  Ceiling & Floor Heights  Columns in Office Space Architectural Breadth:

34. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural G- Street Facade:

35. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural G- Street Façade (con’t) :  Redesigned Structure: Change in column location Change in column location

36. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  G-Street Facade  Ceiling & Floor Heights  Columns in Office Space Architectural Breadth:

37. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural Ceiling & Floor Heights:  Redesigned Structure Ceiling Height: 8’6” ceilings on floors 2-10 maintained 8’6” ceilings on floors 2-10 maintained 1 st floor ceiling height reduced by 4” 1 st floor ceiling height reduced by 4” Existing: 10’7”Existing: 10’7” New:10’3”New:10’3”  Existing Floor-to-Floor Heights: Floors 2-9, 11.91’ Floors 2-9, 11.91’ 1 st floor, 14’ 1 st floor, 14’  Redesigned Structure Floor-to-Floor Heights: Floors 2-10, 10’10” Floors 2-10, 10’10” 1 st floor, 12’6” 1 st floor, 12’6”

38. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  G-Street Facade  Ceiling & Floor Heights  Columns in Office Space Architectural Breadth:

39. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural Columns in Office Space:  Parking Garage: Existing Construction: Existing Construction: 198 parking spaces198 parking spaces Redesign Redesign Loss Approx 9 % of parkingLoss Approx 9 % of parking 180 parking spaces remain180 parking spaces remain

40. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural Columns in Office Space (con’t) :  Parking Garage: Minimum site requirements Minimum site requirements

41. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural Columns in Office Space (con’t) :  Office Space: Existing Existing

42. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural Columns in Office Space (con’t) :  Office Space: Redesigned Redesigned

43. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural Columns in Office Space (con’t) :  Office Space: Redesign Layout Redesign Layout

44. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural Columns in Office Space (con’t) :

45. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Thesis Overview  Building Introduction  Structural Depth  Architectural Breadth  Construction Management Breadth  Conclusions  Acknowledgements  Questions Presentation Outline:

46. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Schedule  Cost Construction Management:

47. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Schedule  Cost Construction Management:

48. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Existing Schedule: Design Phase: Start 1/14/ 2000 32.2 weeks Design Phase: Start 1/14/ 2000 32.2 weeks Fabrication/Delivery of Major Building materials: Start 1/27/2000 Fabrication/Delivery of Major Building materials: Start 1/27/2000 Foundations: Start 10/18/2000 16.8 weeks Foundations: Start 10/18/2000 16.8 weeks Superstructure: Start 2/27/2001 21.2 weeks Superstructure: Start 2/27/2001 21.2 weeks Spray on Fireproofing: Start 4/20/2001 22.1 weeks Spray on Fireproofing: Start 4/20/2001 22.1 weeks  Schedule of Redesigned Structure: 12 weeks to pour 10 floors 12 weeks to pour 10 floors 4 weeks for fabrication of rebar 4 weeks for fabrication of rebar Fast track Construction Fast track Construction Spray on fireproofing eliminated Spray on fireproofing eliminated Schedule:

49. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Schedule  Cost Construction Management:

50. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Existing Structure: Actual: $24,330,000.00 Actual: $24,330,000.00 Includes garage and office Includes garage and office  R.S. Means Square Foot Cost: Cost:

51. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  R.S. Means Assemblies Estimate: Structural system only Structural system only Cost (con’t) :

52. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Internal Rate of Return: Initial Costs Initial Costs Building Maintenance Building Maintenance $14.00/square foot a year$14.00/square foot a year Income Income Cost (con’t) :

53. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Internal Rate of Return : Estimated Sale Price Estimated Sale Price Retained for 25 yearsRetained for 25 years MARR original structure MARR original structure 8.2 % with assumptions8.2 % with assumptions MARR Redesigned Structure MARR Redesigned Structure 8.97%8.97% Cost (con’t) :

54. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Thesis Overview  Building Introduction  Structural Depth  Architectural Breadth  Construction Management Breadth  Conclusions  Acknowledgements  Questions Presentation Outline:

55. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Redesigned Floor System Key: Advantages: Advantages: 10 th floor (28,500 sq ft.)10 th floor (28,500 sq ft.) Comparable scheduleComparable schedule Common material in D.C. & Competitive ContractorsCommon material in D.C. & Competitive Contractors More flexible for different tenant space requirementsMore flexible for different tenant space requirements Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Columns in office spaceColumns in office space Possible lower rental valuePossible lower rental value Higher initial costHigher initial cost Loss of parking spacesLoss of parking spaces Conclusions:

56. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Thesis Overview  Building Introduction  Structural Depth  Architectural Breadth  Construction Management Breadth  Conclusions  Acknowledgements  Questions Presentation Outline:

57. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural Michael Weiss Structural Design Group Michael Weiss Structural Design Group Ron Schneck Hickok Warner Fox Ron Schneck Hickok Warner Fox Tom Bickley Girard Engineering Tom Bickley Girard Engineering Jim Alexander The Albemarle Group, LLC Jim Alexander The Albemarle Group, LLC Julie Kirkwood James G. Davis Construction Julie Kirkwood James G. Davis Construction Dr. Hanagan Penn State University Dr. Hanagan Penn State University AE Faculty AE Faculty Acknowledgements:

58. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  Thesis Overview  Building Introduction  Structural Depth  Architectural Breadth  Construction Management Breadth  Conclusions  Acknowledgements  Questions Presentation Outline:

59. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural Questions?

60. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New Office: Two Way Slab Design Method (ADOSS) Two Way Slab Design Method (ADOSS) Typical Assumptions:Typical Assumptions: Outside edge was straight Outside edge was straight Ignore elevator Edge beams Ignore elevator Edge beams Case 1 Cantilever Case 1 Cantilever Case 2 Removed Case 2 Removed Floor System (con’t) :

61. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New Office: Two Way Slab Design Results (ADOSS) Two Way Slab Design Results (ADOSS) Floor System (con’t) :

62. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New Office: Two Way Slab Design Results (ADOSS) Two Way Slab Design Results (ADOSS) Floor System (con’t) :

63. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New Office: Two Way Slab Design Results (ADOSS) Two Way Slab Design Results (ADOSS) Floor System (con’t) :

64. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New Office: Two Way Slab Design Results (ADOSS) Two Way Slab Design Results (ADOSS) Floor System (con’t) :

65. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New: Column Schedule Column Schedule Columns (con’t) :

66. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New: Column Schedule Column Schedule Columns (con’t) :

67. 601 New Jersey Avenue Alternative Materials Amber House Structural  New vs. Old Office Floor System : Advantages: Advantages: Higher long run profitsHigher long run profits Competitive concrete contractorsCompetitive concrete contractors Common Construction methodCommon Construction method Economies of scaleEconomies of scale Disadvantages: Disadvantages: Higher initial costHigher initial cost More interest on loanMore interest on loan Higher cost for building managementHigher cost for building management Possible lower rental valuePossible lower rental value Cost (con’t) :