1. The Natural Capital Project  If we provide tools to help people understand what we get from nature,  And we test and use that understanding to inform decisions,  Will greater and more cost effective investments be made for ecosystems and people?

2. water livelihoods water livelihoods food happiness food happiness energy health energy health protection climate regulation protection climate regulation

3. InVEST Fisheries Aquaculture: finfish Coastal Vulnerability Recreation Wave Energy Carbon Sequestration Habitat Risk Assmt Aesthetic Quality Water Quality Water purification Sediment retention Crop pollination Hydropower Irrigation water NTFPs Flood control Commercial timber Coastal Protection Aquaculture: shellfish Biodiversity Carbon sequ’n Agricultural prod’n http://www.naturalcapitalproject.org/

4. Production Function NAS 2005, Daily et al 2009

5. Where do habitats provide protection? Who or what is protected? What is cost effectiveness of alternative protection approaches? An example starting with one service…..

6. oyster reef Nearshore Wave and Erosion Model seagrass beds marshes mangroves coral reefs sand dunes Erosion and flooding hazards

7. Offshore Beach Erosion Difference: 1.5m friction factordepthdistanceperiodwavelength shoaling coefficient wave height Guannel et al. 2012 transmission coefficient

8. Natural Habitat (less) Influence of natural habitat on coastal vulnerability In Monterey Bay Natural Habitat (more)

9. Vegetation Agriculture Urban Sanitation Drainage Vulnerability of What? Of Whom? TEXAS CITY DIFFERENCE IN COASTAL VULNERABILITY Highe st Lowe st Non e Elderly population

10. Harvested Biomass Landed Biomass Visitation Rates Avoided Area Flooded/Erod ed Energy Captured Recreation Fishery Aquaculture Coastal Protection Wave Energy ECOSYSTEM SERVICES Model Outputs (ecosystem services & values) Model Outputs (ecosystem services & values) Marine InVEST Models Input Data (reflect scenarios) Habitat type Species distribution Bathymetry & Topography S OCIO -E CONOMIC VALUATION Aesthetic Quality Carbon Carbon Sequestered Oceanography 2 6 1 8 9 3 7 4 5 Value of carbon sequestered Value of captured wave energy Expenditures due to recreation activity Net present value of finfish and shellfish Value of avoided damages Habitat Risk Water Quality Population density Property values Aquaculture operation costs B IO -P HYSICAL Demographics T ERRESTRIAL S YSTEMS e.g.

11. Compatibility: Wave energy and commercial fisheries Vancouver Island objectives: renewable, sustainable local energy sources, commercial fishing, recreation Kim et al, in review

12. Testing many kinds of decision contexts Decision ContextGeography Spatial PlanningTanzania, Indonesia, British Columbia, Hawaii, China, Belize Ecosystem-based management (terrestrial-marine links) Puget Sound, Galveston Bay, Chesapeake Bay Climate adaptation (ecosystem-based adaptation) Galveston Bay, Monterey Bay Return on restoration investments, PES schemes Colombia water funds, Gulf of Mexico, Indonesia, China Impact assessment, permitting, licensing Colombia mining concessions, agricultural practices in US Supply chain/LCA, business riskUS, South America, global

13. NatCap demonstration projects around the world……

14. Using multiple ES in decisions is appealing, but early days High demand for tools Not all about PES, $ values Decision makers can easily consider trade-offs in different (value) currencies Working on: – jobs/livelihoods – beyond basic correlations for human well being