1. Japanese activity in Argo project Nobie Shikama (JAMSTEC)

2. Argo network, as of January 2005

3. Logistics JFY JAMS- TEC JMAJCGJFANIPR2 univ.1 high School 19991 20002 2001621+1 2002331+12 2003431+1 112 200454111212 repeated sections 137E, 165E 144E Antarctic Experiment Number of Cruise used for float deployment and recovery JCG = Japan Coast Guard, JFA = Japan Fisheries Agency, NIPR = National Institute of Polar Research Whale Institute

4. JFY2004 (N. Pacific & Equatorial)

5. Misaki Fishery High School students deployed 10 floats

6. JFY2004 (S. Pacific)

7. JFY2004 (Indian & Southern Ocean)

8. Launch plan in FY2005 first half

9. Deployment manual to reduce infantile mortality

10. Deployment manual (continued)

11. Deployment log sheet

12. Transportation and how to deploy

13. Launching floats with cardboard box → up to 15 knots

14. Recovery of Floats and Sensor Recalibration sensor drift check (particularly, C sensor) solution to hardware problems reuse of floats Purpose

15. Dependence of salinity drift on the operation period negative ΔS increases nearly in proportion to the operation period rate = –0.004 year -1 → ΔS = –0.016 at 4 years reducing the surfacing time of floats likely improves S accuracy

16. Growth of JAMSTEC float deployment

17. Survival Rate (APEX) Survival Rate (PROVOR)

18. Profiles completed by 70 PROVORs in lifetime Blue: recovered

19. Unknown 17% Grounding 6% Druck P-sensor failure 56% Energy flu 21% Cause of malfunction for 52 dead APEXs

20. Energy flu for APEXs with APF7 board

21. Energy flu in APEXs with APF8 4 % of APEXs with APF8 indicate energy flu symptom probably due to occurrence of a few defective cells in battery packs.

22. Deployed Failure % Before recall 50 26 52 1 st recall 28 2 7 1 st recall+2 nd recall 123 1 0.8 * 1 st recall took measures against welding failure, 2 nd against electrostatic discharge problem. Druck pressure sensor problem

23. New float under development in JAMSTEC APEX NINJA PROVOR JAMSTEC’s New float １．５ｍ

24. ＮＩＮ ＪＡ ＡＰＥ Ｘ ＰＲＯＶＯ Ｒ Pump type Cylinder type Difficulty in Valve control Difficulty in downsizing Pump Cylinder Valve

25. Gear pump used in the new float Exterior Interior Exit Entrance

26. Exterior of float, motor & pump Motor & Gear pump

27. Gear pump & high viscosity oil Shorter and lighter Non-ballasting Large buoyancy Accurate buoyancy control Characteristics of new float Gear Pump Motor Oil case Oil Bladder Valve ControllerBattery Sensor Antenna

28. POPS (Polar Ocean Profiling System) Takashi Kikuchi (JAMSTEC) Danielle Langevin (MetOcean) Ice Platform + Argo float (PROVOR) o Meteorological sensors are in the platform. o Inductive modem system is used as data communication system between the platform and subsurface CTD profiler. o Iridium satellite communication system is used. o Depth range: from 10m up to 1000m depth T,S,D data at 286 levels can be obtained via satellite. 10~400m depth: 2m interval, 400~700m depth: 5m interval 700~1000m depth: 10m interval. Subsurface CTD Profiler (PROVOR) Ice Platform POPS & J-CAD

29. Halifax Harbor Test (12/29~01/09) J-CAD POPS @ Halifax Harbor J-CAD POPS

30. Test & Deployment plan in 2005 April 20~28 POPS test @ North Pole (Arctic Ocean) Test in the real Arctic Ocean (cold condition, full depth (~1000m)) in collaboration with NPEO(North Pole Environmental Observatory) Project (http://psc.apl.washington.edu/northpole/index.html) North Pole Ice Camp (NPEO 2002) If everything goes well, … August 13 ~ October 17 First POPS deployment @ Polarstern Arctic Cruise (ARKXXI) Hopefully, the buoys will be recovered near the North Pole at NPEO 2007…

31. dQCed profile numbers for Pacific and Indian Ocean floats

32. APEX probably caught by a fishing boat March 2004 Above case happened in March 2004. Gathering information, we gave up recovery operation because of termination of transmission and social disorder at the site. Similar case happened in November 2004, and we are now making contact with Philippine Foreign Ministry.