1. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Assisting districts and schools with tools, products and services for school improvement and students with disabilities Teaching Students with Exceptionalities Supporting the Individual Needs of All Students

2. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Special Education… IS a series of individually designed services and supports. IS NOT a place to which children are assigned. "Every student can learn, just not on the same day, or in the same way." --George Evans

3. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Today’s Focus Why do we continue to apply labels to people when we know they may have a negative effect on an individual? Identify three approaches to describe human differences. How have societal views on people with disabilities changed from widespread discrimination to an era of inclusion and support in the 21 st century? What is the Americans with Disabilities Act? Describe the role of health care, psychology, and social services professionals in meeting the needs of people with disabilities. What services and supports must be available to ensure a bright future for people with disabilities?

4. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Labels.. Are they necessary? A process called labeling is used by every society to identify people who differ significantly from the accepted norm. DisorderDisabilityHandicapExceptional Person First!!

5. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Labels.. Are they necessary? Throughout history, people perceived as different have been vulnerable to such practices as infanticide, slavery, physical abuse, and abandonment. Twentieth century marked by contradictions in formal and natural supports Parental Involvement and Advocacy

6. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Americans With Disabilities Act Amendment to the Vocational Rehabilitation Act that included a provision prohibiting discrimination against persons with disabilities in federally assisted programs and activities. Section 504 of the Act stated that “No otherwise qualified person with a disability…shall, solely on the basis of disability, be denied access to, or the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity provided by any entity/institution that receives federal financial assistance.”

7. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Americans With Disabilities Act Definition of disability: – Having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits him or her in some major life activity, and having experienced discrimination resulting from this physical or mental impairment.

8. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Americans With Disabilities Act The intent of ADA is to create a “fair and level playing field” for all eligible persons with disabilities. – To do so the law specifies that reasonable accommodations need to be made that take into account each person’s need resulting from his or her disabilities.

9. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Americans With Disabilities Act Employment Transportation Public accommodations Government Telecommunications

10. The Role of Health Care Professionals

11. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties It takes a community…

12. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Have you ever said… It's not my job to read and follow the I.E.P. That's only for the special ed teacher! I didn’t go to school to be a special education teacher. I have too many students in my class to follow the I.E.P. and make special accommodations for your child! It’s not fair if I do ______ for this child and not for the rest of the class. I don’t know what to say / do for this child. I’m not a special education teacher. These types of comments are unlawful and violate a student’s rights!

13. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Federal Laws Affecting Special Education Name of LawSignificance 1.Public Law 94-142 (1975) 2.Public Law 99-457 (1986) 3. Public Law 101-476 (1990) Every Child who is Disabled is Entitled to Special Education. Appropriate to the Needs of the Child. Public Expense will Provide the Services. Services for children who are Severely Retarded. Appropriate Education to Children Ages 3-5. Added Programs for Infants and Toddlers who are Seriously Retarded. Name of Special Education Changed to Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). Required Schools to Plan for the Transition of Adolescents w/ Disabilities into Further Education/ Unemployment Starting at Age 16. Replaced the Term Handicapped to Children with Disabilities.

14. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties IDEA: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Major Provisions of IDEA – A Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) – Nondiscriminatory and Multidisciplinary Assessment – Parental Safeguards and Involvement – The Individualized Education Program (IEP) – Education in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

15. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties EDUCATIONAL SERVICE OPTIONS FOR STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

16. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Source: Cengage Learning, 2014 Characteristics of Evidence Based Inclusive Schools Diversity, Acceptance, Belonging – An effective inclusive school promotes acceptance and belonging within a diverse culture. Formal and Natural Supports – Within an effective inclusive school, students must have access to both formal supports (those provided by the school system) and natural supports (including family, friends, and classmates). Age Appropriate Classrooms in Neighborhood Schools – Access to the general curriculum – School-wide instructional support

17. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Source: Cengage Learning, 2014

18. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Source: Cengage Learning, 2014 Learning Disabilities (LD) Learning disabilities often considered mild because most people have average or near- average intelligence Heterogeneous group of conditions About 42% of all students with disabilities have learning disabilities.

19. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Source: IDEA Learning Disabilities (LD) A learning disability DOES include: A disorder of one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations. Perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. A learning disability DOES NOT include: visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, mental retardation, emotional disturbance, or environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.

20. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Source: IDEA Emotional Disturbance (ED) A condition exhibiting one or more characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree. Inability to learn not explained by other factors Inability to build or maintain satisfactory relationships Inappropriate behaviors or feelings under normal circumstances General pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression Tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears Does not include children who are socially maladjusted

21. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Source: Cengage Learning, 2014 Emotional Disturbance (ED) 2% to 20% of school population. Significant numbers of children remain unidentified and do not receive care or special education. Disproportionate number of African American males Recent research suggests average to below average IQ Affects academic achievement – Staggering drop out rates Affects Social and Adaptive Behavior – Social: playing, sharing, processing and understanding language, withdrawing, etc. – Adaptive: mood disorders, bipolar disorders

22. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Source: Cengage Learning, 2014 Emotional Disturbance (ED) Causation: Multifaceted and often complex Family and home environment Socioeconomic status Family discord Child management and discipline Child abuse Classification: Statistically Derived – Externalizing symptoms – Internalizing symptoms Clinically Derived – DSM-IV – Nine major groups of childhood disorders

23. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Source: IDEA Intellectual Disabilities (CD or ID) “…significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.” [34 CFR §300.8(c)(6)]. Terminology changed in 2010 – Mental Retardation – Intellectual Disability

24. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties Intellectual Disabilities (CD or ID)

25. ...Serving Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning and Columbiana Counties

29. Assisting districts and schools with tools, products and services for school improvement and students with disabilities Add names of presenter and contact information