1. The Renaissance
Chapter 13

2. The Renaissance in Italy
Section 1

3. Francesco Petrarch

4. Italy

5. Florence, Italy

6. Florence

7. Lorenzo Medici

8. Perspective

9. da Vinci

10. Michelangelo

11. Pieta

12. Sistine Chapel

13. Raphael

14. Baldassare Castiglione

15. Niccolo Machiavelli

16. The Renaissance in the North
Section 2

17. The Printing Revolution
Johann Gutenberg printed the first complete edition of the Bible using a printing press with movable type.
Before the printing press, only a few thousand books existed
By 1500, 15 to 20 million books existed.

18. The Printing Revolution
Printed books were cheaper
More people learned to read
Access to knowledge
New ideas and new places.

19. Northern Renaissance Artists
Flanders—A region that included parts of present-day France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.

20. Flemish Painters Jan van Eyck was an most important Flemish painter
Portrayed townspeople

21. Patrick Bruegel or “Peasant Bruegel”
Painted scenses of peasant life

22. Peter Paul Rubens
Portrayed themes in the bible and classical history.

23. Durer: “Leonardo of the North”
Albrecht Durer was affected by the Renaissance of Italy.
In 1494 he traveled to Italy to study the Italian masters.
Applied painting techniques to engraving—artists etches a design on a metal plate with acid and used the plate to make prints

25. Northern Humanists and Writers
Desiderius Erasmus wrote texts on a number of subjects and used his knowledge of classical languages to produce a new Greek edition of the Bible.
Translated the bible into the vernacular
Helped spread the Renaissance to a wider public.

26. Sir Thomas More’s ideal Society
English humanist, Sir Thomas More, pressed for social reform
In Utopia, More describes an idea society in which men and women live in peace and harmony.

27. Rebelais’s Comic Masterpiece
French humanist Francois Rabelais wrote Gargantua and Pantagruel which chronicles the adventures of two gentle giants
A comic tail of travel and war.

28. Shakespeare Writes for All Time
Between 1590 and 1613, the English poet and playwright Shakespeare wrote 37 plays
His work explored the Renaissance ideals
Characters speak in language that common people can understand and appreciate.

30. The Protestant Reformation
Section 3

31. 95 Thesis

32. Pope Leo X

33. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

34. John Calvin

35. Geneva, Switzerland

36. Reformation Ideas Spread
Section 4

37. An Explosion of Protestant Sects
As the reformation grew, so did Protestant sects.
Some sects had radical ideas
Rejecting infant baptisms
Anabaptists sought radical social change
Abolish private property
Most Anabaptists were peaceful
-Called for separation of church and state

38. The English Reformation
King Henry VIII broke English ties with the Catholic Church
Henry wanted a divorce from his wife Catherine of Argon but Catholic law does not permit divorces.
Pope refused to annul the marriage.

40. Breaking with the Church
Henry decided to take over the Catholic Church in England
He appointed Thomas Cranmer archbishop of the new church and he annulled the King’s marriage.
Henry married Anne Boleyn which gave birth to a daughter Elizabeth.

41. Breaking with the church
In 1534 Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy, making Henry “the only supreme head on Earth of the Church of England”.

42. Strengthening the church of England
Henry closed Catholic monasteries and convents.
Took their land and give it to nobles and other high ranking citizens so secure their support for the new Anglican Church.
Although under a different name, Henry kept most catholic forms of worship.

43. Religious Turmoil
When Henry died his 9-year-old son Edward VI took the throne.
He took steps to make England a true Protestant country.

44. Religious Turmoil
When Edward dies his half-sister Mary Tudor became queen and was determined to return England to the Catholic faith

45. The Elizabethan Settlement
When Mary died the throne passed to 25-year-old Elizabeth who compromised between Protestant and Catholic practices.
The church preserved much catholic ritural but became a firm Protestant nation

46. The Catholic Reformation
During the 1530’s and 1540’s, the pope Paul III set out to revive the moral authority of the Church and roll back the Protestant tide.

47. Council of Trent
Pope called on the Council of Trent in 1545 which reaffirmed the traditional Catholic views that Protestants had challenged
The Council also took steps to end church abuses
Penalties for corruption among the clergy.

48. Founding the Jesuites
In 1540 the pope recognized a new religious order, the society of Jesus, or Jesuits founded by Ignatius of Loyola.
Spiritual and moral discipline, rigerous religious training, and absolute obedience to the Church
The Jesuits embarked on a crusade to defend and spread the Catholic fiath worldwide.

49. Legacy of the Catholic Reformation
By 1600, the majority if Europeans remained catholic.
Church abuses were reduced as charity flourished

50. Widespread Persecution
Both Catholic and Protestants fostered intolerance and persecuted radical sects like Anabaptists, people they thought were witches.
Between 1450 and 1750, tens of thousands of women and men died as victims of which hunts

51. Witch Hunts Persecution
Women were usually accused of being witches.
Witches practiced magic with the aid of the devil, thus witches were seen as anti-Christian.

52. Persecuting Jews
In Italy, Jews were pressured to convert to Christianity.
In 1516, Venice ordered Jews to live in a separate quarter of the city called the ghetto.
When the Reformation began and Jews refused to convert, Luther called them to be expelled and for their synagogues to be burned.

53. The Scientific Revolution
Section 5

54. Nicolaus Copernicus

55. Johannes Kepler

56. Galileo

57. Scientific Method

58. Robert Boyle

59. Isaac Newton