1. By :Katie Yang (Sophomore, Guilderland HS Mentored by Krista Glanville, RPI EcoEd Secondary School Research Program

2.  This research paper includes an assessment of Saint Lawrence County in upstate New York. It identifies numerous environmental health problems in the county, stakeholders who play a part in these problems, and ways to prevent or help solve these problems. The research comes from a number of different sources from the media to government websites.

3.  St. Lawrence County is located in upstate New York  Surrounded by the Adirondack Mountains to the east, St. Lawrence River to the NW,  Population: 111,944  Geographic Size: 2685 sq miles  Largest county in New York State

4. 3 4 52 Watershed Health 1 Air Quality Superfunds Climate Smart Communities Energy Envirothon Competition 6

5. Watershed Health St. Lawrence County is located in the St. Lawrence River Watershed. Major Problems in this county include: Acid Rain Atmospheric deposition of Mercury Agricultural Activities and Associated Runoff Hazardous Wastes in the Massena Area of Concern Air Quality St. Lawrence County did not have recent data available for the quality of air in the county. This indicates that the county government has not spent resources or does not have not the resources to monitor the air quality. Included is data from surrounding counties of St. Lawrence County. St. Lawrence River Watershed County Unhealthy Air Days for general population in 2012 Unhealthy air days for people with asthma in 2012 Since 2003, has air for asthmatics improved or gotten worse? Franklin County 05Improved Jefferson County 00Improved Herkimer County 00improved

6. Superfunds Superfund site- a hazardous waste site that poses as a threat to the health of the environment and humans that the government has put onto a list to remediate. Massena, New York- 1984 This Area of Concern around the river has been contaminated by numerous companies who have dumped chemicals and hazardous waste into the St. Lawrence River. Lisbon, New York- 1990 This superfund site was originally a disposal site for hazardous wastes such as petroleum. Energy Type of Energy % of County Energy Composition % of National Energy Composition Renewable4.34 Hydroelectric28.26.2 Nuclear28.919.6 Oil0.81 Gas22.224 Coal15.344.8

7. Climate Smart Communities A climate smart community is a community that the state and local government have partnered up in to change that community economically, socially, and environmentally. In St. Lawrence County, the city of Ogdensburg and the village of Norwood are the only two climate smart communities. Climate Smart Communities: reduce greenhouse gas emissions clean up local air pollution improving infrastructure increases economic growth Envirothon Competitions The Envirothon competition is an annual competition for high school students where the students compete for scholarships and recognition by showing their knowledge of environmental science and natural resource managements. Environmental Education helps the community by making more people aware about problems in their surrounding environment in their community.

8.  Caused when an object that contains lead is consumed or when lead dust is inhaled.  Affects the nervous system, organs and other systems in the body.  47.1% of houses in St. Lawrence County were built before 1950.

9.  In New York State it is mandatory to test all children for lead poisoning  Between the years of 2004 and 2007, 1% of children tested positive for lead poisoning  Between 2001 and 2004, only 43.7 percent of 1 yr. olds were tested. Only 20.5% of children at 2 yrs. old were tested.

10.  200+ types of Soil, 3 most uniqure are:  St. Lawrence River- Heavy clays & wet soils  Uplands- Mix of clays  Adirondack Mountains- Glacial till

11.  Challenges in keeping the soil healthy:  Nutrient management  Drainage of Water in places with low elevation

12.  Industries built factories along the river side and dumped their hazardous waste into the river.  Chemicals dumped in the river include:  PCB’s  Mercury  DDE  Mirex  Nutrients  Metals

13.  Effects of the pollution include:  Loss of fish and wildlife habitat  Contaminated sediments  Deformities in birds, fish, other animals  Solutions in restoring the river include:  Remedial Action Plan between 3 governments  Large area remedial projects by private companies like General Motors