1. 1 What is a Network? Computer LAN LocalArea Network LAN LocalArea Network MAN Metropolitan MAN MetropolitanArea Network WAN Wide WAN WideArea Network

2. 2 What is the Internet? –The Internet, or “the Net,” is a worldwide system of computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers).

3. 3 What is the Internet? –Gearhead view Infrastructure - Protocols, bridges, routers, firewalls, backbones, nodes, clients, servers, packets, switches,...Infrastructure - Protocols, bridges, routers, firewalls, backbones, nodes, clients, servers, packets, switches,... –Alternative views Network of NetworksNetwork of Networks Community of peopleCommunity of people Collection of shared resourcesCollection of shared resources Connected enterprisesConnected enterprises

4. 4 What is an Intranet? CompanyA’s Network (Intranet) CompanyA’s Network (Intranet) The rest of the Internet Security Access Security Access

5. 5 What is an Extranet? Security Access Security Access CompanyA’s Network (Intranet) CompanyA’s Network (Intranet) The rest of the Internet Security Access Security Access Company B’ s Network Company B’s Network

6. 6 A Brief History –RAND Corporation study - 1964 –ARPANET - 1969 ( to 1990) –European connections - 1973 –Usenet - 1979 –BITnet, CSnet - 1981 (to 1991) –NSFnet - 1986 (to 1997) –World Wide Web - 1992 –Electronic Commerce - 1996

7. 7 Number of Internet Hosts Jan 2001 - 109,500,000

8. 8 Growth by Year 2000-2001 37,000,000

9. 9 Countries with Internet Access

10. 10 The Internet in the U.S.

11. 11 http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/~ches/map/gallery/index.html

12. 12 Internet Statistics 250 Million ‘connections’ worldwide250 Million ‘connections’ worldwide Number will reach 500M by 2003; 800M by 2005Number will reach 500M by 2003; 800M by 2005 Traffic doubling every 100 daysTraffic doubling every 100 days U.S. users account for 47% of all usersU.S. users account for 47% of all users 25% of U.S. households are online25% of U.S. households are online The #1 Killer App -The #1 Killer App - –Email 275M worldwide send or receive email275M worldwide send or receive email 46% of U.S. adults use email46% of U.S. adults use email

13. 13 Internet Statistics HostsHosts –1992 - 992K; 1996 - 12.8M; 1998 - 36.7M; 2001 - 110M DomainsDomains –1992 - 16.3K; 1996 - 488K; 1998 - 4.3M 2001 - 36.2M World Wide Web sitesWorld Wide Web sites –-1992 - 50; 1996 - 300K; 1998 - 4.3M; 2001 - 153.5M

14. 14 Internet Design Principles –Assume unreliable at all times Design to transcend thisDesign to transcend this –No central authority –All nodes equal in status –Divide messages into “packets” Each contains source/destination informationEach contains source/destination information –Distribute packets along different paths Packet switchingPacket switching

15. 15 How is this Done? –Decentralized structure allows for easy expansion Independent nodes integrated into the networkIndependent nodes integrated into the network –Protocols allow for machine independence –Most important: TCP/IP TCP - Transmission Control ProtocolTCP - Transmission Control Protocol –converts/reassembles packets IP - Internet ProtocolIP - Internet Protocol –handles correct addressing Other protocolsOther protocols –Email (SMTP), file transfer (FTP), etc.

16. 16 Q: How is a node identified? A: IP Address –dot - quad 128.146.31.14:80128.146.31.14:80 –128.146 - net address (Ohio State Sonnet - Bevis Hall - OSC) –31 - subnet (cgrg) –14 - node (my computer (tres)) –80 - port (which access point on the server) –Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) tres.cgrg.ohio-state.edu.us:80tres.cgrg.ohio-state.edu.us:80 affleck.pepsico.com.usaffleck.pepsico.com.us freenet.oh.usfreenet.oh.us

17. 17 Number of Domains 2001 - 36.2M (22.4M are.com)

18. 18 FQDN tres.cgrg.ohio-state.edu.us –Country code (ISO 3166) - TLD.ca : Canada.jp : Japan.uk : United Kingdom.au : Australia.us : USA etc..ca : Canada.jp : Japan.uk : United Kingdom.au : Australia.us : USA etc. –Organization hierarchy - TLD.com : commercial businesses.edu : educational institutions.com : commercial businesses.edu : educational institutions.org : nonprofit orgs.int: Int’l orgs.org : nonprofit orgs.int: Int’l orgs.net : network admin.biz - business.net : network admin.biz - business.gov : government.mil : military installations.gov : government.mil : military installations –Gateway subdomain –Node machine www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm

19. 19 New TLDs.firm - commercial entities (extends.com).firm - commercial entities (extends.com).store - e-commerce sites.store - e-commerce sites.web - web related activities.web - web related activities.arts - arts related sites.arts - arts related sites.rec - recreational sites.rec - recreational sites.info - informational sites.info - informational sites.name - personal sites.name - personal sites.museum- museums.museum- museums Registrar: http://www.networksolutions.com Registrar: http://www.networksolutions.com

20. 20 3 Letter Domain Extensions

21. 21 2 Letter Domain Extensions

22. 22 Access to the Internet –Who charges for access? The “Internet” doesn’t charge for anything. Each group accessing it controls their own computers, lines and access procedures.The “Internet” doesn’t charge for anything. Each group accessing it controls their own computers, lines and access procedures. –Competing interest groups are maneuvering to “control” the Internet –Who oversees procedures InterNIC - Internet Network Information CenterInterNIC - Internet Network Information Center ICANN - Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers (top three domains)ICANN - Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers (top three domains) IANA - Internet Assigned Numbers AuthorityIANA - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

23. 23 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) –Commercial Major Dial-in systems (AOL, Compuserve)Major Dial-in systems (AOL, Compuserve) Small, local providers (Intelinet, iwaynet)Small, local providers (Intelinet, iwaynet) Major direct access providers (OARnet, RoadRunner)Major direct access providers (OARnet, RoadRunner) –Community Information Systems Free-Nets (Columbus Free-Net)Free-Nets (Columbus Free-Net) Other civic networks (prairieNET)Other civic networks (prairieNET) Local BBS services (limited internet services)Local BBS services (limited internet services)

24. 24 Access to the Internet –Level One Connectivity (34.8M) Access through a Gateway (service provider)Access through a Gateway (service provider) –Level Two Connectivity Remote Modem AccessRemote Modem Access –Access a “host” and act like a terminal –Level Three Connectivity (6.8M) Direct Internet Access (Broadband)Direct Internet Access (Broadband) On-demand Direct AccessOn-demand Direct Access –ISPs provide dial-in service, but provide SLIP or PPP connections that mimic direct access

25. 25 What is the World Wide Web? –The World Wide Web is a practical implementation of Internet technology other examples: gopher, ftp, email,...other examples: gopher, ftp, email,... –it is an application that relies on the Internet network infrastructure –It allows users at different sites to share information using accepted protocols –It provides a logical structure for users to interface with the network

26. 26 What are the basic Web technologies? –Client/Server architecture Client/Server architectureClient/Server architecture –HTML, HTTP, and URL HTML - the Hypertext Markup Language is the protocol for writing the documents to be distributed, displayed and editedHTML - the Hypertext Markup Language is the protocol for writing the documents to be distributed, displayed and edited HTTP - the Hypertext Transfer Protocol provides the rules for distributing these documentsHTTP - the Hypertext Transfer Protocol provides the rules for distributing these documents URL - the Uniform Resource Locator provides the means for referencing these documents, and the address where they can be found, in a format consistent with HTMLURL - the Uniform Resource Locator provides the means for referencing these documents, and the address where they can be found, in a format consistent with HTML

27. 27 Client/Server Architecture Client/server describes the relationship between two computer programs in which one program, the client, makes a service request from another program, the server, which fulfills the request.Client/server describes the relationship between two computer programs in which one program, the client, makes a service request from another program, the server, which fulfills the request. –can be used by programs within a single computer –more important idea in a network, where it provides a convenient way to interconnect programs that are distributed efficiently across different locations Two-tiered architectureTwo-tiered architecture Three-tiered architectureThree-tiered architecture Back

28. 28 The URL Part1: protocol designator (http://)Part1: protocol designator (http://) Part2: subdomain name (www)Part2: subdomain name (www) Part3: actual domain namePart3: actual domain name Part4: port number (usually not required)Part4: port number (usually not required) Part5: file access path (valid extensions: htm, html, shtml (and some others))Part5: file access path (valid extensions: htm, html, shtml (and some others)) http://www.prolotherapy.com:80/prolohelp.html

29. 29 Protocol designators http://http:// –Used for hypertext encoded documents ftp://ftp:// –Used to provide access to documents using the File Transfer Protocol - files appear in a list of file names gopher://gopher:// –Similar to FTP, but the server provides menu-based listing of resources

30. 30 What is a Web Browser? –an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web... it interprets the HTML files and displays them in a graphical user interface Mosaic was the first (Marc Andreesen of Univ of Illinois)Mosaic was the first (Marc Andreesen of Univ of Illinois) AOL, CompuServe and Prodigy developed their ownAOL, CompuServe and Prodigy developed their own Netscape and Internet Explorer are the most widely usedNetscape and Internet Explorer are the most widely used Lynx (text-based) and Opera are othersLynx (text-based) and Opera are others SprintPCS browserSprintPCS browser Other wireless browsers (Palm, …)Other wireless browsers (Palm, …)

31. 31 SprintPCS

32. 32 WWW Statistics 150M Web sites; 300M by 2003150M Web sites; 300M by 2003 Only 46% of Web sites are activeOnly 46% of Web sites are active 2/3 - 3/4 of users use the Web for finding information2/3 - 3/4 of users use the Web for finding information 2/3 - 3/4 are frustrated by not finding information they are after2/3 - 3/4 are frustrated by not finding information they are after 31% are online > 20 hrs; 34% 10-20 hrs31% are online > 20 hrs; 34% 10-20 hrs 57% are from US57% are from US 50% go to the top 900 sites50% go to the top 900 sites

33. 33 Most popular web destinations The average Web user spends 8.8 hrs/week browsing the following kinds of sites, in order of popularity:The average Web user spends 8.8 hrs/week browsing the following kinds of sites, in order of popularity: –News –Travel –Weather –Music –Technology

34. 34 Other Web technologies Frames - multiple, visible, connected pagesFrames - multiple, visible, connected pages Forms - HTML data entry mechanismForms - HTML data entry mechanism CGI - Common Gateway Interface - allows the processing of information from HTML formsCGI - Common Gateway Interface - allows the processing of information from HTML forms Java - a platform independent programming language (Sun Microsystems)Java - a platform independent programming language (Sun Microsystems) –Javascript, applet, servlet ActiveX - Like an applet, but could be written in any language (Microsoft)ActiveX - Like an applet, but could be written in any language (Microsoft)

35. 35 Other Web technologies DHTML (Dynamic HTML) - rollovers, interactivity...DHTML (Dynamic HTML) - rollovers, interactivity... Streaming (audio/video) - broadcastingStreaming (audio/video) - broadcasting VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) - Interactive 3D - Web3DVRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) - Interactive 3D - Web3DWeb3D QTVR (QuickTime Virtual Reality) - interacting with a visual image (also, QT Cubic VR, iPix, metastream)QTVR (QuickTime Virtual Reality) - interacting with a visual image (also, QT Cubic VR, iPix, metastream)QTVRQT Cubic VRiPixmetastreamQTVRQT Cubic VRiPixmetastream Shockwave - encode Macromind Director movies for Web distributionShockwave - encode Macromind Director movies for Web distribution

36. 36 Plug-ins Plug-in applications are programs that can easily be installed and used as part of your Web browser. They are recognized automatically by the browser and its function is integrated into the main HTML file that is being presented. Example plug-ins include:Plug-in applications are programs that can easily be installed and used as part of your Web browser. They are recognized automatically by the browser and its function is integrated into the main HTML file that is being presented. Example plug-ins include: –Adobe Acrobat –RealAudio, RealVideo –Macromedia Shockwave –Apple QuickTime http://home.netscape.com/plugins/index.html http://browserwatch.internet.com/index.shtml

37. 37 Cookies A cookie is information for future use that is stored by the server on the client side of a client/server communication.A cookie is information for future use that is stored by the server on the client side of a client/server communication. –Records your preferences when using a site –Ad banner history –Identification information –Customize for browser type –Computer specifications http://www.cookiecentral.com

38. 38 Emerging Technologies WebMallsWebMalls WebCasts, Multicasts, MBONEWebCasts, Multicasts, MBONE NGI, Internet 2, IPv6 (IPng)NGI, Internet 2, IPv6 (IPng)Internet 2IPv6Internet 2IPv6 –340,282,366,920,938,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 computers (128 bit IP address) (vs 4,294,967,296) Wireless networks - RF, PCS, SatelliteWireless networks - RF, PCS, Satellite Set-Top Boxes, InternetTV, Network ComputersSet-Top Boxes, InternetTV, Network Computers SAN - Storage Area NetworksSAN - Storage Area Networks XML, SMIL, and other protocolsXML, SMIL, and other protocolsSMIL

39. 39 Finding information on the Web 950M indexable pages; 2B by 2003950M indexable pages; 2B by 2003 2.5M Web pages added DAILY2.5M Web pages added DAILY Links from other web sites are effective locatorsLinks from other web sites are effective locators Many users collect relevant BookmarksMany users collect relevant Bookmarks Web searchesWeb searches

40. 40 Web searches Entire InternetEntire Internet –Use a “search service” Intranet or local site searchesIntranet or local site searches –Locally developed search mechanisms –Use a commercial service with a restricted domain

41. 41 Search services Five categoriesFive categories –Directories - classify documents into subject scheme or taxonomy (eg, Yahoo, LookSmart) –Search engines - index words or terms in Web documents (eg, Altavista, Excite, Lycos) –Metasearch services - provide a central access point (eg, Dogpile, Metacrawler, SavvySearch) –OS based search mechanisms - parallel search strategies (eg, Apple Sherlock, MatiHari) –Intelligent agents - continually search the Web using customized and personalized strategies

42. 42 Searching the Web Directories are most useful when looking for information in clear categories, such as makers of luxury cars, or distributors of building productsDirectories are most useful when looking for information in clear categories, such as makers of luxury cars, or distributors of building products Engines are most useful when the topic is more specialized, such as which luxury car uses the GPS system, or who makes insulated windowsEngines are most useful when the topic is more specialized, such as which luxury car uses the GPS system, or who makes insulated windows

43. 43 How search services work Engines create listings automaticallyEngines create listings automatically –A spider visits, reads and follows links –Results are stored in an index –The index is searched, and results rank-ordered Directories depend on humans to create listingsDirectories depend on humans to create listings Hybrid systems - some engines also maintain a directoryHybrid systems - some engines also maintain a directory

44. 44 How pages are ranked Location/frequencyLocation/frequency –Terms in the title, or near the top, or used a lot PopularityPopularity –Lots of links pointing at a page CitationsCitations –Referenced pages get a boost Meta tagsMeta tags –Part of the HTML protocol, a place to put search keywords Spamming will exclude or lower rankingSpamming will exclude or lower ranking –Padded meta tags, invisible words, inappropriate titles, overuse of terms

45. 45 Search strategies Be specific!Be specific! –“new planets outside the solar system discovered since 1996” Use nouns and objects in queriesUse nouns and objects in queries –Planet,planets Use 6 to 8 keywordsUse 6 to 8 keywords –New,planet,planets,discovery,solar,system Truncate words and use wildcardsTruncate words and use wildcards –Planet*,discover*,system*

46. 46 Search strategies (cont) Use synonymsUse synonyms –Discover OR find Use phrases when possibleUse phrases when possible –“solar system” Distinguish concepts with parenthesesDistinguish concepts with parentheses –(“solar system*”) (“new planet*”) (discover OR find) Order concepts with main subject firstOrder concepts with main subject first –(“new planet*”) (“solar system*”) (discover OR find) Use search engine mathUse search engine math

47. 47 Search engine math Addition - Use the plus ‘+’ symbol to request pages that have all wordsAddition - Use the plus ‘+’ symbol to request pages that have all words –+Planet +solar +system +discover Subtraction - Use the minus ‘-’ symbol to request pages that exclude certain wordsSubtraction - Use the minus ‘-’ symbol to request pages that exclude certain words –+Planet -mars -earth +new

48. 48 Power searching Title searchingTitle searching –planet title:“solar system” Site searchingSite searching –planets host:www.nasa.gov –planets host:edu –Exclude sites “new planets” -host:www.nasa.gov“new planets” -host:www.nasa.gov Link searchingLink searching –planet link:www.nasa.gov

49. 49 Search Engines - 1 AltaVista (http://www.altavista.com)AltaVista (http://www.altavista.com)http://www.altavista.com –Popular with researchers because of comprehensive coverage and power searching commands; largest on the Web Excite (http://www.excite.com)Excite (http://www.excite.com)http://www.excite.com –Uses a medium sized index and integrates non-Web material (corporate information, sports scores, etc.) Most popular on the Web. Powers AOL NetFind.

50. 50 Search Engines - 2 HotBot (http://www.hotbot.com)HotBot (http://www.hotbot.com)http://www.hotbot.com –Favorite among researchers because of a large index. Owned by Lycos. Gets results from Direct Hit and Inktomi Inktomi (http://www.inktomi.com)Inktomi (http://www.inktomi.com)http://www.inktomi.com –Large index used by many search engines, including GoTo, HotBot, Yahoo, Snap, Microsoft MSN. Index not available directly. Partners can customize Inktomi results

51. 51 Search Engines - 3 Direct Hit (http://www.directhit.com)Direct Hit (http://www.directhit.com)http://www.directhit.com –Works with other engines to refine their results; rankings are determined from users clicking on results Go (http://www.go.com)Go (http://www.go.com)http://www.go.com –Used to be called Infoseek; now a search portal. Combination search engine and directory; good results for broad and general searches

52. 52 Search Engines - 4 Lycos (http://www.lycos.com)Lycos (http://www.lycos.com)http://www.lycos.com –Started as a search engine - since April is a directory. It uses volunteer editors to catalog and supplements with spidering Northern Light (http://northernlight.com/)Northern Light (http://northernlight.com/)http://northernlight.com –Also popular with researchers because of large index. Value: special collection of documents not usually available to other search engines

53. 53 Search Engines - 5 Snap (http://www.snap.com)Snap (http://www.snap.com)http://www.snap.com –Backed by C-net and NBC, it is a human-compiled directory Yahoo (http://www.yahoo.com)Yahoo (http://www.yahoo.com)http://www.yahoo.com –Easily the Web’s most popular search service; human compiled directory listing over a million sites; also uses Inktomi to supplement OthersOthers –LookSmart, Google, Ask Jeeves, WebCrawler, dogpile GoogleWebCrawler,dogpileGoogleWebCrawler,dogpile

54. 54 C-net Evaluations HotBot - Easy to use, accurate - 5 usable linksHotBot - Easy to use, accurate - 5 usable links Excite - Easy to use, accurate but limited advanced search capabilities - 4.25 usable linksExcite - Easy to use, accurate but limited advanced search capabilities - 4.25 usable links AltaVista - Easy to use, lots of extras - 4 usable linksAltaVista - Easy to use, lots of extras - 4 usable links Infoseek (Go) - better as a portal than a search engine - many results out of dateInfoseek (Go) - better as a portal than a search engine - many results out of date Lycos - fewer relevant hits, and 3 times the duplicates and out of date resultsLycos - fewer relevant hits, and 3 times the duplicates and out of date results

55. 55 My Personal Evaluations GoogleGoogle Sherlock (Apple’s integrated FindFile, Search Disk by Content, and Internet MetaSearch utility)Sherlock (Apple’s integrated FindFile, Search Disk by Content, and Internet MetaSearch utility) AltaVistaAltaVista HotBotHotBot WebCrawlerWebCrawler Ask JeevesAsk JeevesAsk JeevesAsk Jeeves

56. 56 Searching Statistics Links more important than search engines (54% vs 13%)Links more important than search engines (54% vs 13%) Active users average 40 bookmarksActive users average 40 bookmarks 82% sites visited are from bookmarks82% sites visited are from bookmarks Currently, there are about 2500 search servicesCurrently, there are about 2500 search services Coverage of engines is as low as 3% and as high as 34%Coverage of engines is as low as 3% and as high as 34% 50% cite broken links as biggest problem50% cite broken links as biggest problem Average user uses 1.5 words per searchAverage user uses 1.5 words per search

57. 57 Portals (synonymous with access gateway) a World Wide Web site that is a major starting site for users when they connect to the Web, or that users tend to visit as an anchor site. Typical services:(synonymous with access gateway) a World Wide Web site that is a major starting site for users when they connect to the Web, or that users tend to visit as an anchor site. Typical services: –a directory of Web sites –a facility to search for other sites –news, weather information –e-mail –stock quotes, TV schedules –phone and map information –community forums

58. 58 Personal Portals My.yahoo.comMy.yahoo.comMy.yahoo.com My.lycos.comMy.lycos.com My.excite.comMy.excite.com NBCi.comNBCi.comNBCi.com Enterprise Information Portal (EIP)Enterprise Information Portal (EIP) –Businesses or organizations can customize their own version of either one of the above portals, or design their own to reflect the content and function of their individual Intranet

59. 59

60. 60 Is your browser up to date? http://www.duq.edu/distancelearning/ browsertest/testmenu.htmlhttp://www.duq.edu/distancelearning/ browsertest/testmenu.htmlhttp://www.duq.edu/distancelearning/ browsertest/testmenu.htmlhttp://www.duq.edu/distancelearning/ browsertest/testmenu.html

61. 61 Reasons for a Business to Develop a Web Site To establish a network presenceTo establish a network presence To expand marketsTo expand markets To distribute business informationTo distribute business information –To customers –To researchers –To employees To sell or market productsTo sell or market products To respond to inquiriesTo respond to inquiries To expand business hoursTo expand business hours

62. 62 The Dirty Dozen –Pet peeves of business web sites Scott Kirsner, The Main Attraction, CIO Magazine (9/1/99) –1. Stale content –2. Fouled-up forms –3. Inconsistent navigation –4. Slo-o-o-o-w pages –5. Irrelevant or missing page titles

63. 63 The Dirty Dozen (continued) –6. The virtual company –7. Pages that can’t be book-marked –8. No response (or slow response) to e-mails –9. No prominent search options –10. Password problems –11. Subpar shopping carts –12. Channel disconnect

64. 64 My own dirty dozen –13. “Server busy... try again later” –14. Overuse of irrelevant plug-ins –15. Required survey forms –16. Overabundance of invasive ads –17. Too much design, not enough content –18. Invisible text and buttons

65. 65 My own dirty dozen (continued) –19. The navigation cul-de-sac –20. W-a-a-a-y too many graphics and animation –21. Bridge pages –22. Scrolling down the river... –23. Browser incompatibility –24. Bad design http://www.webpagesthatsuck.com

66. 66 Electronic Business - E-business E-servicesE-services E-commerceE-commerce –B2B - business to business –B2C - business to consumer E-tailingE-tailing E-trading (C2C?)E-trading (C2C?) cyberprisescyberprises

67. 67 E-business Goals Creating or maintaining a competitive edgeCreating or maintaining a competitive edge Improving customer satisfactionImproving customer satisfaction Keeping pace with the competitionKeeping pace with the competition Reducing operational costsReducing operational costs Improving employee communications and satisfactionImproving employee communications and satisfaction Establishing or expanding brand awarenessEstablishing or expanding brand awareness Finding new markets for products or servicesFinding new markets for products or services Generating new sources of revenueGenerating new sources of revenue

68. 68 E-business ramifications The role of IT departments is changed from technology to business decision makingThe role of IT departments is changed from technology to business decision making Employees burdened with new skill requirementsEmployees burdened with new skill requirements Individual employees are required to assume additional responsibilitiesIndividual employees are required to assume additional responsibilities Constant demands, with shorter delivery times, have increased job stressConstant demands, with shorter delivery times, have increased job stress

69. 69 E-services Network design, engineering and managementNetwork design, engineering and management Web design and web hostingWeb design and web hosting Applications hostingApplications hosting Applications managementApplications management ConsultingConsulting Projected at $42B by 2002 (Yankee Group)Projected at $42B by 2002 (Yankee Group)

70. 70 E-commerce E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web.E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying and selling of goods and services on the Internet, especially the World Wide Web. –For online retail selling, the term e-tailing is sometimes used. –e-commerce and e-business are often used interchangeably

71. 71 E-commerce $37.5B industry - conservative estimates are that it will grow to $300B by 2002; Some analysts predict $1T to $1.5T by 2002$37.5B industry - conservative estimates are that it will grow to $300B by 2002; Some analysts predict $1T to $1.5T by 2002 75% of this business is B2B75% of this business is B2B 20 sites generated $100M; top 100 sites averaged $12M each20 sites generated $100M; top 100 sites averaged $12M each 85% of the Global 1000 businesses see e-commerce as a top priority in the next 3 years85% of the Global 1000 businesses see e-commerce as a top priority in the next 3 years

72. 72 Five Myths that will kill E-commerce People want plenty of selectionPeople want plenty of selection Amazing technology will save youAmazing technology will save you The Amazonian sell-everything model is the only one for the WebThe Amazonian sell-everything model is the only one for the Web Focus on sellingFocus on selling People buy on-line because they don’t want to deal with real peoplePeople buy on-line because they don’t want to deal with real people Ref: Dan Roth, Fortune Magazine

73. 73 E-commerce survey NetEffect Survey:NetEffect Survey: –90% of e-commerce sites don’t have Web-based customer management systems –90% don’t allow for on-line real-time assistance –90% place these in the top five priorities for this year –Suggestions: Identify arrivalsIdentify arrivals Use that info to customize the user environmentUse that info to customize the user environment Track customer eventsTrack customer events Have competent on-line representativesHave competent on-line representatives

74. 74 Types of e-commerce Selling tangible goodsSelling tangible goods –Taking orders for shipment to customers Orders are filled by human interactionOrders are filled by human interaction Eg, flowers, books, CDs, housewares,...Eg, flowers, books, CDs, housewares,... Selling contentSelling content –Electronic delivery of electronic goods Orders are taken, filled and shipped by the computerOrders are taken, filled and shipped by the computer Eg, house plans, image archives, MP3 music, publications,...Eg, house plans, image archives, MP3 music, publications,...

75. 75 IT Ingredients of E-commerce The Web serverThe Web server Web applicationsWeb applications Programming capabilityProgramming capability E-mail managementE-mail management Access restrictionAccess restriction Access logsAccess logs Secure transactionsSecure transactions Credit card validation and payment mechanismsCredit card validation and payment mechanisms EDI - Electronic Data Interchange (ANSI X12)EDI - Electronic Data Interchange (ANSI X12) –For B2B models

76. 76 Components of e-commerce selling tangible goods Market the goods - virtual store, web catalogMarket the goods - virtual store, web catalog Sell the goods - use forms or shopping cart applicationSell the goods - use forms or shopping cart application Provide payment options - credit card, e-cash; validationProvide payment options - credit card, e-cash; validation Process the order - usually manualProcess the order - usually manual Verify correctness of order and send receipt for the order - usually done via emailVerify correctness of order and send receipt for the order - usually done via email Package and deliver the goods - manuallyPackage and deliver the goods - manually Provide customer feedback - web-based, or emailProvide customer feedback - web-based, or email

77. 77 Components of e-commerce selling content Market the goods - virtual store, web catalogMarket the goods - virtual store, web catalog Sell the goods - use forms or shopping cart applicationSell the goods - use forms or shopping cart application Provide payment options - credit card, e-cash; validationProvide payment options - credit card, e-cash; validation Process the order - usually electronicProcess the order - usually electronic Verify correctness of order and send receipt for the order - usually done via emailVerify correctness of order and send receipt for the order - usually done via email Provide access to the secure area - instant or delayedProvide access to the secure area - instant or delayed Provide customer feedback - web-based, or emailProvide customer feedback - web-based, or email

78. 78 Issues of E-commerce SecuritySecurity Cultural sensitivityCultural sensitivity StandardsStandards CopyrightCopyright –Different in a global community BandwidthBandwidth Increasing site hitsIncreasing site hits Customer satisfactionCustomer satisfaction

79. 79 Security TargetsTargets –Content –Business records –Customer names and personal information –Bandwidth –Disruption of business (hackers, crackers) TechniquesTechniques –Packet sniffing –Password cracking –Shared information –Trojan horses

80. 80 Security SolutionsSolutions –Unservable directories –Firewalls, Bastion hosts, Victim hosts –Access hops –Server certificates, Digital signatures –Encryption SSL (https:// or key icon in browser)SSL (https:// or key icon in browser) S-HTTP (shttp:// or key icon in browser)S-HTTP (shttp:// or key icon in browser) –SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) –Passwords –Access logs –Secure email (S/MIME) Web Security Sourcebook, Rubin et al

81. 81 Attracting customers Make your site aesthetically pleasingMake your site aesthetically pleasing Make your site secure, and convince customers that it isMake your site secure, and convince customers that it is Offer free stuffOffer free stuff Shorten load timesShorten load times Display text as soon as possibleDisplay text as soon as possible Provide contact informationProvide contact information Describe the site’s purposeDescribe the site’s purpose Provide clear and easy ordering infoProvide clear and easy ordering info Ask customers for feedbackAsk customers for feedback Avoid sending e-mail unless askedAvoid sending e-mail unless asked When in doubt, simplifyWhen in doubt, simplify

82. 82 Haven’t we met somewhere before? Build a lasting on-line relationship with your customerBuild a lasting on-line relationship with your customer –Identify customers individually –Differentiate one customer from another –Interact with customers –Tailor some aspect of your product or service or interaction to meet their individual needs Link transactions over time so they never have to start over. Include links to email and telephone contacts.Link transactions over time so they never have to start over. Include links to email and telephone contacts. Ref: Peppers and Rogers, NewMedia 10/99