1. AP BIOLOGY Chapter 10 Photosynthesis

2. Name the enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon onto RuBP in Calvin cycle in C3 plants.
Name the cells that control the opening and closing of stomates on the underneath surface of leaves
A stack of thylakoids is called a _______
RUBISCO
Guard cells
granum (pl. grana)

3. Organisms that get energy by consuming other living things
Fluid filled compartment inside the thylakoids
Chloroplasts are found mainly in __________ cells in the interior of the leaf
Heterotrophs (consumers)
Thylakoid space or lumen
mesophyll

4. WHERE DOES IT GO?
KREBS CYCLE
CALVIN CYCLE
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION
mitochondria
chloroplast
KREBS CYCLE
CALVIN CYCLE
LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTIONS

5. Type of cell where carbon fixation happens in C3 plants
Electron carrier that receives electrons at the end of electron transport during the light dependent reactions
Name the product(s) of the light dependent reactions
Mesophyll cells
NADP+
NADPH, ATP, and O2

6. Type of cell where carbon fixation happens in C4 plants
Molecule that provide electrons to replace the electrons in chlorophyll a in PSII that are energized and passed down the ETC
Name the product(s) of the light independent reactions
Mesophyll cells
H2O
G3P (glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate) (….glucose)

7. Which kind of plants use this pathway to fix CO2?
Name the enzyme used to add CO2 to PEP in this pathway
C4 plants have bundle sheath cells
PEP carboxylase

8. Which molecule is added to RuBP during photorespiration?
5-carbon molecule to which CO2 is added during carbon fixation in C3 plants
Light absorbing molecules like chlorophyll and carotenoids are called ____________
oxygen
RuBP- Ribulose bisphosphate
pigments

9. Final electron Final electron acceptor = O2 acceptor = NADP+
WHERE DOES IT GO?
FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR at end of ETC = ?
ENERGY SOURCE = ?
LOCATION OF ETC = ?
mitochondria
chloroplast
Final electron Final electron acceptor = O acceptor = NADP+
Glucose is energy Sunlight is
Source energy source
ETC in cristae ETC in thylokoid
(inner membrane) membrane

10. Type of cell where Calvin cycle happens in C4 plants
3-carbon molecule to which CO2 is added during carbon fixation in C4 and CAM plants
Name the reactants of the Calvin cycle
Bundle sheath cells
PEP (Phosphoenolpyruvate)
ATP, NADPH, CO2

11. CAM plants fix carbon in mesophyll cells _______.
during the day at night
Molecules _____ electrons when they are reduced (lose gain)
at night
GAIN
Remember: OIL RIG Oxidation Is Losing electrons Reduction Is Gaining electrons

12. CAM stands for ________________
Name the enzyme that adds CO2 to PEP when carbon is fixed in C4 and CAM plants
CAM stands for ________________
Give some examples of CAM plants
PEP carboxylase
Crassulacean acid
metabolism
Succulents (jade, sedum), cactus, pineapple,

13. mitochondria chloroplast Cellular respiration Have DNA Ubiquinone (Q)
WHERE DOES IT GO?
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
HAVE DNA
HAVE CYTOCHROMES
UBIQUINONE (Q)
mitochondria
chloroplast
Cellular respiration
Have DNA
Ubiquinone (Q)
Have cytochromes

14. Name this molecule
chlorophyll

15. Give some examples of C4 plants
Place where H+ ions build up during ETC in the light dependent reactions = ?
Name the color of light that is least effect in driving photosynthesis
Corn, sugar cane, many grasses
Thylakoid space
Green- plants reflect green wavelengths

16. Oxidative phosphorylation photophosphorylation RIBOSOMES
WHERE DOES IT GO?
RIBOSOMES
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
PROTON PUMPS
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
mitochondria
chloroplast
Oxidative phosphorylation
photophosphorylation
RIBOSOMES
Proton pumps

17. Label reactants and products for photosynthesis:
#1 = ___________________
#2 = ___________________
#3 = ___________________
#4 = ___________________
#5 = ___________________
WATER
OXYGEN
Carbon dioxide
SUGAR
Light energy

18. Wavelengths of light chlorophyll absorbs the best = ?
Guard cells open stomata when they are __________
turgid flaccid
Name the metallic cofactor at the center of chlorophyll’s phorphyrin ring
Red, blue-violet
turgid
Magnesium

19. Because rubisco has a greater affinity for O2 instead CO2 , when CO2 is low and oxygen is high plants switch into this pathway
Tell where the H+ ions that build up in the thylakoid space during the light reactions come from
photorespiration
1. Pumped from stroma by proton pumps in
thylakoid membrane
2. Produced when water is split to replace electrons lost by chlorophyll

20. grana mitochondria chloroplast Found in animals Have ATP synthase
WHERE DOES IT GO?
FOUND IN ANIMALS
GRANA
HAVE ATP SYNTHASE
FOUND IN PLANTS
mitochondria
chloroplast
Found in animals
grana
Have ATP synthase
Found in plants

21. The process of incorporating CO2 into organic compounds = ?
The process of using light energy to generate ATP using chemiosmosis = ?
Ion channel/enzyme complex that uses the power of H+ ions moving down their gradient to add Pi onto ADP
Carbon fixation
photophosphorylation
ATP synthase

22. Identify: A= ___________ thylakoid B = ___________ C= ____________
stroma
granum (pl., grana)
Thylakoid space (lumen)
cytoplasm

23. Tell some of the factors that influence the
This process of using the migration of solvents to separate molecules is called ___________
Tell some of the factors
that influence the
movement of molecules up the paper.
chromatography
Solubility in solvent, size of molecules, attraction to paper

24. During cyclic electron flow, electrons move from PSI to ____________
photosystem
A __________ is made up of a reaction center surrounded by a number of light harvesting accessory pigments
During cyclic electron flow, electrons move from PSI to ____________
Explain why plants switch from noncyclic to cyclic electron flow
ETC (cytochromes)
Allows them to make more ATP for Calvin
Cycle which requires more ATP than NADPH

25. On which side of the membrane is the Pi added to ADP to make ATP?
What happens to the oxygen produced when water molecules split during the light dependent reactions?
On which side of the membrane is the Pi added to ADP to make ATP?
On which side of the membrane is water split?
Lost to atmosphere as O2
stroma
Thylakoid space

26. Label molecules of the light dependent reactions.
PHOTOSYSTEM II
Electron Transport Chain
PHOTOSYSTEM I
ATP Synthase

27. CELLULAR RESPIRATION PHOTOSYNTHESIS NADH NADPH FADH2 WHERE DOES IT GO?
PRODUCTS = ?
REACTANTS = ?
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
NADH
NADPH
FADH2
PRODUCTS = PRODUCTS =
CO2,+ H2O O2, + G3P (glucose) energy (ATP)
REACTANTS = REACTANTS = O2 + C6H12O2(glucose) CO2 + H2O

28. Carotenoids Autotroph (producer)
Yellow and orange accessory pigments that funnel light energy to chlorophyll a
An organism that can
make its own food like
a green plant is called an
_______________
Carotenoids
Autotroph (producer)

29. Which gas is given off by plants during photosynthesis?
Which ion moves across the membrane to power the ATP synthase enzyme to add a phosphate to ADP?
Where do the carbon atoms come from that end up in carbohydrates made by the Calvin cycle?
Which gas is given off by plants
during photosynthesis?
H+ (Hydrogen ion)
Carbon dioxide
oxygen

30. mitochondria chloroplast thylakoids chemiosmosis has own DNA
WHERE DOES IT GO?
THYLAKOIDS
CHEMIOSMOSIS
HAS OWN DNA
mitochondria
chloroplast
thylakoids
chemiosmosis
has own DNA

31. Oxidizing agents _____ electrons in redox reactions.
What role do the accessory pigments like xanthophyll and carotene play in photosynthesis?
Oxidizing agents _____ electrons in redox reactions.
They act as antennas to collect light energy and pass it to chlorophyll a; Provide protection for chlorophyll by absorbing some of the sun’s energy
gain

32. Reducing agents _____ electrons in redox reactions.
For what reason do cells switch and use cyclic rather than non cyclic electron flow during the light dependent reactions?
Reducing agents _____ electrons in redox reactions.
Allows cell to make more ATP than NADPH because Calvin cycle uses more ATP than NADPH
lose

33. Tell which molecule the H in NADPH originally comes from. NADPH
Another name for the Calvin cycle is _______________
Comes from H2 O
when water is split
Light independent (old name was dark reactions)

34. The ultimate source of carbon found in glucose is from ?
How many carbon dioxide molecules are needed to make 1 molecule of glucose?
Discrete particles of light are called __________
CO2 6
photons

35. H+ build up in H+ build up intermembrane space thylakoid space
WHERE DOES IT GO?
MOLECULE THAT DONATES ELECTRONS TO ETC =?
WHERE H+ BUILDS UP = ?
ROLE OF GLUCOSE= ?
mitochondria
chloroplast
NADH/FADH chlorophyll a donates electrons donates electrons to ETC to ETC
H+ build up in H+ build up
intermembrane space thylakoid space
Glucose is reactant Glucose is product
(broken down) (produced)

36. Explain why plant “look” green.
Molecules _____ electrons when they are oxidized (lose gain)
We see reflected light. Chlorophyll reflects green wavelengths
LOSE
Remember: OIL RIG Oxidation Is Losing electrons Reduction Is Gaining electrons

37. CAM plants make sugar via the Calvin cycle_______.
during the day at night
Name the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle
during the day
Carbon fixation
Reduction
Regeneration

38. Which kind of plants use this pathway to fix CO2?
Name the enzyme used to add CO2 to PEP in this pathway
CAM plants fix CO2 at night and run Calvin cycle during the day
PEP carboxylase

39. How do the levels of AMP and ATP
Why does PSII come first in line in front of PSI in the thylakoid membrane?
How do the levels of AMP and ATP
play a regulatory role in the glycolysis pathway?
PSI was discovered and named first
High levels of AMP (means cell is low in ATP) stimulate phosphofructokinase in glycolysis pathway ~ make it when need it
High levels of ATP inhibit phosphofructokinase to shut off pathway ~ don’t run glycolysis if not needed

40. Tell which molecule each of the atoms that end up in glucose originally came from:
_______ ________ _________
CO2
CO2
H2O

41. Type of cell where carbon fixation happens in CAM plants
Molecule that receives electrons at the end of electron transport during the light dependent reactions
Name the product(s) of the light dependent reactions
Mesophyll cells
NADP+
NADPH, ATP, and O2

42. Another name for the Calvin cycle is ______________
Tell the equation for photosynthesis
Where is the Pi added to ADP to make ATP in the light dependent reactions?
Light independent reactions (used to be called dark reactions)
6 CO H2O + energy → 6 O2 + C6H12O6
On stroma side of thylakoid membrane

43. In which type of cell does the Calvin cycle happen in C3 plants
Why are C3 plants called C3?
When NADPH levels are higher than ATP what happens to the path of electrons in the light reactions?
mesophyll
The first step in carbon fixation in these plants
produces a 3 carbon sugar
Switch from noncyclic to cyclic electron flow
to make more ATP for Calvin cycle

44. RuBP carboxylase has the greatest affinity for ______ CO2 O2
Why are C4 plants called C4? O2
That’s why plants switch to photorespiration
when CO2 is low
The first step in carbon fixation in these plants
produces a 4 carbon sugar

45. Fix carbon in mesophyll cells
WHERE DOES IT GO?
Where is carbon fixed?
When is carbon fixed?
Enzyme that catalyzes first step in carbon fixation?
C4 plants
CAM plants
Fix carbon in mesophyll cells
Carbon fixation Carbon fixation happens in day happens at night
PEP carboxylase adds CO2 to PEP

46. Calvin cycle happens Calvin cycle happens
WHERE DOES IT GO?
Where does Calvin cycle happen?
When does Calvin cycle happen?
How is carbon fixation and Calvin cycle separated?
C4 plants
CAM plants
Calvin cycle happens Calvin cycle happens
in bundle sheath cells in mesophyll cells
Calvin happens
during day
Carbon fixation/ Carbon fixation/
Calvin cycle separated Calvin cycle separated
spatially spatially
Fixation in mesophyll fixation at night Calvin in Bundle Calvin during day sheath cells

47. photophosphorylation
Process of using H+ gradient to generate ATP
= ________________________
(Can refer to ATP made in mitochondria too)
Process of creating ATP using a Proton gradient created by the energy gathered from sunlight.
Process that consumes oxygen, releases CO2, generates no ATP, and decreases photosynthetic output; generally occurs on hot, dry, bright days, when stomata close and the oxygen concentration in the leaf exceeds that of carbon dioxide
= ___________________________________
chemiosmosis
photophosphorylation
photorespiration