1. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 2 An overview of Semantic Interoperability Challenges related to Resource Provisioning in Business Grids Dr Ioannis Kotsiopoulos The University of Manchester ioannis@cs.man.ac.uk Workshop Semantic Interoperability: A Practical Approach

2. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 3 Resource Provisioning in Business G rids Business Grids: today’s landscape –Service and resource providers –Desiderata From Grid to Semantic Grid –The S-OGSA approach –SOKU Resource and Grid Service Semantic Descriptions –Grid Resource Ontology –GRIP –Standardisation –BREIN Semantic Initiatives

3. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 4 Service and Resource Providers Resource Providers –Amazon EC2 and S3 –SUN Utility Computing –Academic Centres: Barcelona Supercomputing, Manchester Northwest Grid, HLRS Service Providers –Sun Grid Middleware –IBM Grid: Grid Middleware and Hardware –Amazon Web Services Hybrid –CDO 2: Delivering financial grid solutions on a compute utility service –ANSYS: Engineering Simulation Software Virtual Organisations –Stuttgart Airport: Resources offered by companies operating at the airport

4. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 5BREIN - Meeting XXXPage 5 Desiderata for seamless resource provisioning Desiderata for Service and Resource Providers –Maximize Resource Usage –Maximize Profit –Minimize Penalties –Increase Client Base –Increase Automation –Improve Brand Name –Improve Security –Create New Business Opportunities Desiderata for Clients –Ease of use –Greater choice –Lower prices –Better QoS –More QoS Guarantees Common Desiderata –Flexibility –Extensibility –Performance –Scalability

5. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 6 So where do we need semantics? Service Providers use different vocabularies (semantic heterogeneity) for describing what they offer: –Resource types –Service Level Agreements Performance QoS Penalties Small Print Dynamic formation of a VO is still a very complex task –Security Policies –Software incompatibilities Heterogeneous platforms Heterogeneous Middleware Web Services have addressed only part of the problem Who is managing all the metadata? What do they mean? Are they still valid?

6. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 7 Semantic Grid? …because metadata matters! Driven from the need to manage and understand the metadata Metadata concern all aspects of VO formation –Describing and asserting policy Flexible and extensible schemas, transparency –Can you be a member of this VO? Matching task, integration –How do we set your roles so you can be? Configuration –Are these set of policies mutually consistent? Configuration and verification –Service Level Agreements Matching provides and expects clauses –Authentication & Authorisation Reconcile diverse policies Intelligent decision making and operations Static and dynamic VO model

7. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 8 “To realise the Next Generation Grid requires semantically rich information representation, the exploitation of knowledge, and co-ordination and orchestration that is aware of context and task” David Snelling, NextGRID, Fujitsu, GGF Ontologist

8. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 9 OGSA: A Reference Architecture for the Grid Characteristics Service Based Virtualisation Manageable Resources Addressing State Lifetime Eventing.....

9. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 10 Semantic OGSA: A Framework for Exposing and Managing Metadata in the Grid The Reference Semantic Grid Architecture : Semantic OGSA –Entities in the Semantic Grid –Core Services, Spectrum of capabilities –Patterns & Profiles of use, re-factoring, use-cases Model Capabilities Mechanisms Provide Consume Expose use

10. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 11 S-OGSA Model Knowledge Entity Grid Entity Semantic Binding Is-a 0..m 1..m Grid Resource Is-a Grid Service Is-a 1..m Knowledge Resource Knowledge Service Is-a VO Ontology Rule-Base Is-a Satellite Image File A Grid Identity/Person Is-a Journal of Web Semantics, Vol.4, June 2006, “An overview of S-OGSA: A Reference Semantic Grid Architecture” Ó. Corcho et. al. A Resource in its own right!

11. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 12 Optimization Execution Management Resource management Data Security Information Management Infrastructure Services Application XApplication Y OGSA Semantic-OGSA Semantic Provisioning Services S-OGSA Capabilities Middleware Ontology Reasoning Metadata Annotation Semantic Provisioning Services

12. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 13 S-OGSA Mechanisms: Middleware for Managing Metadata Semantic Binding as a resource deployed in a WSRF compliant manner ONTOKIT available for download SB Factory Client Semantic Binding Metadata Query SB create Query w/o Inference, UpdateContent Query( over unified view) WS-RP: Get/Set/Query Properties WS-Addressing: epr RDF create query Inspect- props... query Semantic Binding Service Suite WS-RL: Destroy, SetTerminationTime WS-RL ++: archive WS-Notif: Subscribe / Notify

13. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 14 SOKU Explicit Semantics! –Semantically Described –Semantic Aware Mixed Economy Creating an abstraction for metadata Semantic Binding Multiform metadata with introspectable properties Management interfaces for metadata “S-OGSA--OntoKit, a first SOKU implementation” **

14. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 15 Resource and Grid Service Semantic Descriptions Grid Service Person View Machine View Person View?? Machine View Grid Resource Grid Resource Ontology Specific Application Ontology Grid Service Ontology Functional Non-Functional Specific Application Ontology State

15. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 16 Grid resource ontology

16. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 17 Unicore GLUE http://www.grid-interoperability.org/

17. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 18 Can Standardization help? Standardization is as crucial as creating an Ontology and can be seen as the first task of knowledge elicitation The process requires the agreement of the community Relevant approaches from OGF: –Information Modeling for Computing Resources (OGSA Modeling Activities) Reference Model Working Group (RM-WG) (chaired by Paul Strong - e-Bay) –OGSA Resource Selection Services WG (OGSA-RSS-WG)( Donal Fellows - UMAN/BREIN) Knowledge Engineers can encode this knowledge in order to create the appropriate ontologies –The objective is to increase re-usability of software –Make semantics explicit (and machine understandale) –Increase interoperability between heterogeneous Grid middleware Businesses are actively involved in this process –E-Bay has already encoded part (?) of the Information Model for internal resource management (Demo shown in last GGF) Software and Services Technical Group on Ontologies TG2 –New wiki, mailing list, draft of White Paper

18. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 19 BREIN Semantic Initiatives Resource Broker –Dynamic Resource Provisioning –Complete Outsourcing of Grid Infrastructure - Financial Grid scenario –Extend capabilities during peak periods (load balancing) - ANSYS scenario Related Components using Semantic Technologies –Intelligent Scheduling –Semantic Annotation of Service Level Agreements (SASLA) –Intelligent Negotiation using SASLA –Dynamic Workflow Adaptation using Agent technologies Modeling –Domain/Application Specific Resource Modeling –BREIN Upper Business Grid Ontology –Extension of Grid Resource Ontology

19. 25/3/08i-ESA ‘08Page 20 Acknowledgements Thank You! Questions... Acknowledgements –Carole Goble –Pinar Alper –Oscar Corcho –OntoGrid Consortium –John Brooke –Donal Fellows –BREIN Consortium