1. News http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2009/01/28/du mping-iron-into-the-ocean-might-not-save-the-climate- after-all/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2009/01/28/du mping-iron-into-the-ocean-might-not-save-the-climate- after-all/ http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/magazine/articles/200 9/08/09/trapped/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/magazine/articles/200 9/08/09/trapped/ http://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/09/15/15greenwire- white-house-rolls-out-details-of-auto-fuel-eco-13342.htmlhttp://www.nytimes.com/gwire/2009/09/15/15greenwire- white-house-rolls-out-details-of-auto-fuel-eco-13342.html http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/ 2009/09/17/ready_to_produce_a_fresh_start/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/ 2009/09/17/ready_to_produce_a_fresh_start/ http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/17/science/earth/17trash. html?_r=1&ref=science

2. The Global Water Cycle Circulation of water among the sea, atmosphere, and land Image courtesy of www.cityofwoodland.org/www.cityofwoodland.org/

3. Why is water important?

4. Water Water needed for life 80% of your body weight Personal hygiene Universal solvent Cooking Fire safety Shapes geology Grow plants 3 phases-solid, liquid, gas Climate Photosynthesis CO2 + H2O  CH2O + O2 Aquatic life Cooling agent Potable Filters UV rays

5. Properties of Water Hydrogen Bonding –High heat capacity –Universal solvent –Ice less dense than water Greenhouse Gas Clouds reflect light

6. Roles of the Water Cycle 1. Supply of Freshwater 2. Driving Force Behind Primary Production Primary Production Food Image courtesy of David Medcalf, Wikipedia Source: Wikipedia

7. Global mean Annual Air Temperature = 15° C!!! 3. Water Vapor Creates Climate for Life “Greenhouse Effect” Water Vapor – Absorbs Heat Lost From Earth’s Surface Without it, Surface Air Temperature would be 16° C Colder (36-66% of greenhouse warming due to water vapor) Life would not exist in most areas. Key Greenhouse Gases Water vapor Ozone Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

8. 4. Water as a Major Transporter of Heat Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

9. Oceans Terrestrial Waters Terrestrial Ice Atmosphere The Global Water Cycle - Water Fluxes Units: 10 21 l/yr or 1000 km 3 /yr Image courtesy of Scientific American (September 1989, p. 82)

10. SNOW / ICE 27,500 1,350,000 8,200 SOIL 70 The Global Water Cycle – Resevoirs Net transfer from ocean to land Units = 1,000 KM 3 205 Image courtesy of Scientific American (September 1989, p. 82)

11. “Juvenile water” The Global Water Supply Finite, yet seemingly unlimited supply Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

12. Residence Time Hot Tub is 1000 liters Pumps 10 liters/min through filter How long does it take to filter all the water? Write the equation to describe calculation. Ocean is 10 21 liters of water Rivers add 4 x 10 16 liters of water per year How long does water stay in the ocean before it is re-circulated through land?

13. Residence Time: Ice / oceans / GW – thousands of years Atmosphere – days to weeks Residence Time – Turnover Rate average amount of time water spends within a reservoir average amount of time water spends within a reservoirRT=Amount/Rate

14. PrecipitationEvapotranspiration Runoff Snowpack Infiltration Soil Moisture Storage Recharge Throughfall Terrestrial waters

15. Types of Terrestrial Water Groundwater SoilMoisture Surface Water Image courtesy of www.enviroblog.org www.enviroblog.org Image courtesy of USDA Image courtesy of Chris Downer Images removed due to copyright restrictions.

16. Holistic Approach – all water interrelated River Flow =Surface Runoff +Baseflow Flashy Variable Regulated Stable Less Variable

17. Discharge of Neponset River

18. Quabbin Resevoir MWRA Water Supply to Boston Image courtesy of MWRA

19. Homework (1 point) Your watershed (address) Print a map (google earth, topo map, street map, etc) of your home and delineate your watershed.