1. ©M. Reber 9/19/2015 Graphics Any visual form of presenting information

2. 2 Overview Types of Graphics Types of Illustrations Ways to Integrate Graphics

3. 3 Overview Types of Graphics Types of Illustrations Ways to Integrate Graphics

4. Types of Graphics Tables Graphs Charts Illustrations 4

5. Types of Graphics: Tables Tables are rows and columns of numbers, words, or symbols They provide efficient means of presenting comparative information  Information that is suitable for a table generally has two comparative axes  Tables should have headings for columns and/or rows Check for information in your text that could be presented as a table Tables should be introduced within the text to provide context 5

6. Types of Graphics: Tables (cont.) 6 Name Email Address Phone #1Phone # 2 1.1. John Smithsmithjohn@email.com408-000-0000650-000-0000 2.2. 3.3. 4.4. 5.5. 6.6. 7.7.

7. Types of Graphics: Graphs Graphs show changes in data over time 7

8. Types of Graphics: Charts Charts plot specific information, such as scientific data The most common charts are: pie charts and bar charts  Pie charts show percentages of a whole: 8

9. 9 Types of Graphics: Charts (cont.)  Bar charts show the same information with the length of each bar representing a percentage or amount:

10. Types of Graphics: Illustrations Illustrations give a graphic representation of a thing or action Common illustrations include:  Objects, parts, features of an object (mechanisms)  Actions or movements (the direction one object needs to be inserted into another)  Orientation or position (CPR positioning)  Concepts or ideas (an organizational chart)  Screen Shots 10

11. 11 Overview Types of Graphics Types of Illustrations Ways to Integrate Graphics

12. Types of Illustrations Photographs Drawings Flowcharts Diagrams and Schematics Screen Shots 12

13. Types of Illustrations: Photographs Provide most detail with picture-perfect representation 13 Figure 4. Removing the back wheel from the bicycle. Figure 5. Using a tire lever to separate the tire from the wheel. Can include unnecessary or distracting detail

14. Types of Illustrations: Drawings Often considered the ideal illustration  Suppress unnecessary detail and allow reader to focus on important objects, tools, and actions  Illustrate relationships and concepts photography can not 14

15. Types of Illustrations: Flowcharts and Org Charts Flowcharts and other conceptual drawings represent more abstract information such as positions within a workflow: 15 Organizational charts represent hierarchical information such as positions within an organization: Warehouse Manager Shipping Clerk Chief Executive Officer National Sales Manager Warranty Inspector Western Sales Manager Eastern Sales Manager Import audio and storyboard files Adjust length of audio and video files Add and edit transition effects Create an MPEG movie file

16. Types of Illustrations: Diagrams and Schematics A diagram is a plan, drawing, or outline that explains how something works or the relationship between parts of a whole A schematic represents the elements of a system using abstract, graphic symbols rather than realistic pictures  Omits all irrelevant details, often rendering the object unrecognizable  May add unrealistic elements to aid comprehension 16

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18. Types of Illustrations: Screen Shots 18 Reproduces the screen or dialog box a user sees when operating hardware and software Verifies to the user that they are in the correct part of the procedure

19. 19 Overview Types of Graphics Types of Illustrations Ways to Integrate Graphics

20. 20 Ways to Integrate Graphics Purposes of Graphics Uses of Graphics Sources of Graphics Format of Graphics Tips on Using Graphics

21. Purposes of Graphics Show how something looks or is constructed Show how to do something Explain how a process works Show how something is organized Help the reader find specific facts Show relationships Make a persuasive point 21

22. Uses of Graphics To summarize and condense information To make information easier to access To show comparison or contrast To appeal to right-brained users To add variety and increase interest To emphasize important information To convey quantitative relationships (percentile rankings, trends, etc.) To communicate internationally 22

23. Sources of Graphics You can find graphics using these sources:  Search on the internet and copy from the web  Use clip art (professional sources only) You can create graphics by:  Using a digital camera  Creating screen shots  Drawing your own illustrations  Creating graphs and charts using software applications If you did not create the graphics, remember:  You may need to crop, size, and label the illustrations  You must always give credit for the illustration you copy  Ask permission to use the illustration if necessary 23

24. 24 Format of Graphics Use sans serif fonts (Arial, Helvetica, etc.) for flowchart text, figure titles, callout text, and row and column headings in tables Use smaller fonts for items listed above (at least 1 pt. smaller than body text) Use straight lines without arrowheads for callout text, not diagonal lines Use arrowheads to indicate direction only Center text in flowchart boxes vertically/horizontally Adjust individual column width within tables according to text density Introduce most graphics with lead-in text

25. Tips on Using Graphics Pick the most appropriate type of graphic for the information you are presenting Do not include a graphic without a purpose Make graphics easy to understand and use Include callouts or captions as necessary Integrate your graphics with your text 25