2. DISCOVERING CELLS CELL- THE BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN ALL LIVING THINGS

3. FIRST SIGHTINGS IN CELLS 1590 -IN ORDER TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO SEE CELLS THE MICROSCOPE HAD TO BE INVENTED. A LIGHT MICROSCOPE USES LIGHT AND A GLASS LENS. SIMPLE MICROSCOPE - ONLY ONE GLASS LENS COMPOUND LENS- TWO GLASS LENSES

4. ROBERT HOOKE HOOKE- INVENTOR AND SCIENTIST OBSERVED A THIN PIECE OF CORK THROUGH A MICROSCOPE HE HAD MADE. (CORK- THE OUTER BARK OF A CORK OAK TREE). HE SAW MANY TINY “ROOMS”. WHAT AMAZED HIM WAS THAT IN ONE CUBIC INCH HE CALCULATED THERE WOULD BE OVER TWELVE HUNDRED MILLION CELLS

5. ANTON van LEEUWENHOEK A DUTCHMAN WHO MADE HIS OWN LENSES AND USED THEM TO OBSERVE POND WATER. WHAT HE SAW WAS MILLIONS OF SMALL ONE CELLED ORGANISMS. HE ALSO LOOKED AT SCRAPPINGS FROM TEETH AND WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO SEE BACTERIA.

6. MICROSCOPE IMPROVEMENTS 1590 - HANS JENSEN AND SON DUTCH EYEGLASS MAKERS MAKE THE FIRST COMPOUND MICROSCOPE 1660 - HOOKE IMPROVES ON THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE (OIL LAMP FOR LIGHT) HE SEES THE CELLS IN CORK (PLANTS) HE STUDIES OTHER PLANTS- ALL AVE CELLS

7. MICROSCOPE IMPROVEMENTS 1683- LEEUWENHOEKS USES A MORE POWERFUL SIMPLE MICROSCOPE AND OBSERVES ANIMAL CELLS IN PONDWATER AND BACTERIA IN MOUTHS. 1886 - GERMAN SCIENTIST ERNST ABBE IMPROVES THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE WIT A MIROR AT THE BOTTOM TO FOCUS LIGHT. A MODERM MICROSCOPE CAN MAGNIFY 1000 TIMES

8. MICROSCOPE IMPROVEMENTS 1933- TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE. GERMAN, ERNST RUSKA CREATES THE FIRST ELECTRON MICROSCOPE. IT CAN MAGNIFY 500,000 TIMES. IT CAN ONLY BE USED ON DEAD MATERIAL. ALLOWS US TO SEE INTERNAL CELL PARTS. 1965- SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE.SENDS ELECTRONS OVER THE SURFACE OF A SPECIMEN ALLOWING A 3 D LOOK. MAGNIFICATION 150,000 TIMES

9. MICROSCOPE IMPROVEMENTS SCANNING TUNNELLING MICROSCOPE. THIS ALLOWS US TO SEE INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF A CELL. MAGNIFICATION 1,000,000 TIMES

10. CELL THEORY 1838- SCHLEIDEN VIEWED MANY PLANTS AND CONCLUDED THAT ALL PLANTS ARE COMPOSED ( MADE UP OF) CELLS 1839- SCHWANN A GERMAN SCIENTIST VIEWED MANY ANIMAL CELLS AND CONCLUDED THAT ALL ANIMALS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS.

11. CELL THEORY 1855- VIRCHOW A GERMAN DOCTOR CONCLUDED THAT ALL NEW CELLS COME FROM PREVIOUSLY LIVING CELLS

12. CELL THEORY ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS (PLANTS & ANIMALS) CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN LIVING THINGS ALL CELLS ARE PRODUCED FROM OTHER CELLS - TRUE OR FALSE ?

13. LIGHT MICROSCOPE MAGNIFICATION- TO MAKE THINGS LOOK BIGGER. CONVEX-THE LENS IS THICKER IN THE MIDDLE AND BENDS THE LIGHT INWARD. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE- HAS 2 LENSES. TO FIND THE MAGNIFICATION WE MUST MULTIPLY THE MAGNIFICATION OF BOTH LENSES TOGETHER(10 X 4 = 40 MGNIFICATION

14. RESOLUTION RESOLUTION-TO SEE THE OBJECT CLEARLY. HOW EASILY WE CAN SEE THE PARTS OF AN OBJECT. HOW SHARP THE OBJECT IS. A NEWSPAPER LOOKS LIKE A SOLID PICTURE. WHEN WE LOOK AT IT UNDER A MICROSCOPE WE CAN SEE THE INDIVIDUAL DOTS BECAUSE THE MICROSCOPE MAGNIFIES THE DOTS AND THE RESOLUTION ALLOWS US TO SEE THE DOTS CLEARLY MAGNIFICATION- MAKES THINGS BIGGER RESOLUTION- HOW CLEAR THINGS ARE

15. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE IN AN ELECTRON MCROSCOPE A BEAM OF ELECTRONS IS SHOT AT THE SPECIMEN. BECAUSE THE ELECTRONS ARE SO SMALL WE HAVE BETTER RESOLUTON AT GREATER MAGNIFICATION 150,000X