1. Substance Use and Abuse Smoking

3. Smoking Tobacco: Who Smokes? Varies with age Gender differences Educational differences

4. Fig. 1: Prevalence of smoking in Canada by selected demographic characteristics. Sources: Health Canada, 2005 Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey, 2002 First Nations Regional Health Survey, 2001 Aboriginal People's Survey.

5. McLaughlin, P. (2007). Contraband cigarettes becoming a national norm. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 176(11): 1567- 1568. Contraband cigarettes originating on First Nations Reserves Health implications

7. Starting to Smoke Modeling and peer pressure Personal characteristics Social image

8. Becoming a Regular Smoker Psychological reasons –Positive affect –Negative affect –Habitual behaviour –Psychological dependence (addiction)

9. Smoking and Stress Reduction Correlation between stress and smoking Smoking reduces stress during social interactions Stress levels higher between cigarettes

10. Genetics Factors in Smoking Indirect routes Direct routes

11. Biobehavioural Model of Tobacco Dependence Emotional regulation explanation Nicotine as a coping mechanism

12. Quitting Smoking Drugs Behavioural methods

13. Behavioural Methods: Applications for Stopping Smoking Self-monitoring Stimulus control Response substitution Behavioural contracting

14. Smoking and Relapse Stress Social support Self-efficacy Health beliefs

15. Addiction to Other Drugs Biological Factors Psychological Factors Social Factors

16. Internet Addiction Disorder Definition Research Treatment