1. 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen1 Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns Curtis Johnson

2. 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen2

3. The cork New Normal Challenge to America – to Education 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen3

4. 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen4 Disruption in business models has been the dominant historical mechanism for making things more affordable and accessible Today Toyota Wal-Mart Dell Southwest Airlines Fidelity Canon Microsoft Oracle Cingular Merrill Lynch Apple iPod Yesterday Ford Dept. Stores Digital Eqpt. Delta JP Morgan Xerox IBM Cullinet AT&T Dillon, Read Sony DiskMan Tomorrow: Chery Internet retail RIM Blackberry Air taxis ETFs Zink Linux Salesforce.com Skype E-Trade Cell Phones

5. Performance Time 45% on $250,000 40% 20% on $2,000 Disruptive Innovations Time Sustaining innovations Ability to use improvements Pace of performance improvement Incumbents dominate sustaining battles Entrants typically win at disruption Decentralization is disruptive, and is hard to catch 60% on $500,000

6. Copyright Clayton M. Christensen7 Centralization followed by decentralization: Computing

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9. 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen9 Schools have constantly improved Time No. Basic Schools Time Breadth of Offerings Average Test Scores Percent Proficient Job 1: Preserve/Inculcate Democracy Job 2: Provide Something for Every Student Job 3: Keep America Competitive Job 4: Eliminate Poverty

10. K12 business model ripe for disruption 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen10 Worn Out AssumptionsEmerging Realities Knowledge scarce, hard to accessKnowledge readily available Subjects – courses – sequenceMulti-dimensional learning Improvement by commandCrucial role of motivation Students learn same way/same timeKids more different than ever Standardization – batch processingRadical personalization

11. 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen11 We all learn differently Linguistic Logical- mathematical Spatial Bodily- kinesthetic Musical Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalist Learning Styles Multiple Intelligences Visual Written Aural Playful Deliberate Paces of Learning Fast Medium Slow

12. 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen12 Prime examples of non-consumption Credit recovery Drop-outs AP Courses Home-schooled and homebound students Small, rural, and urban schools Tutoring Pre-K

13. Disrupting Schooling 1.0 2.0 3.0  9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen13

14. On-line learning Now fully into 3.0 Robust across curriculum Individualized and Interactive Becoming the best option 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen14

15. 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen15 Perfect opportunity to implement computer-based learning disruptively Non-consumers or Non-consuming occasions Time Computer-based learning: Compete against non- consumption Political importance of program Time German Statistics Psychology Economics English language & literature Science Math

16. 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen16 The substitution of one thing for another always follows an S-curve pattern % new % old.001.0001.01 0.1 1.0 10.0 09110705031315

17. 9/18/2015Copyright Clayton M. Christensen17 Online learning gaining adoption Enrollments up from 45,000 in 2000 to 1,000,000 in 2007