1. Layered Protocol

2. 2 Types of Networks by Logical Connectivity Peer to Peer and Client-Server Peer-to-peer Networks  Every computer can communicate directly with every other computer  By default, no computer has more authority than another  Every computer is capable of sending and receiving information to and from every other computer

3. 3 Peer-to-peer Networks Figure 1-1: Resource sharing on a simple peer-to-peer network

4. 4 Type of Networks Client/Server  Server: central computer used to facilitate communication and resource sharing between other computers on the network (called clients)  Client/server network: uses a server to enable clients to share data, data storage space, and devices  To function as a server, a computer must be running a network operating system (NOS)

5. 5 Client/Server Networks (continued) Figure 1-2: Resource sharing on a client/server network

6. 6 Client/Server Networks Advantages of using client/server networks over peer-to-peer networks:  User logon accounts and passwords can be assigned in one place  Access to multiple shared resources can be centrally granted to a single user or groups of users  Problems can be tracked, diagnosed, and often fixed from one location

7. 7 Client/Server Networks Advantages of using client/server networks over peer-to-peer networks (continued):  Servers are optimized to handle heavy processing loads and dedicated to handling requests from clients, enabling faster response time  Because of their efficient processing and larger disk storage, servers can connect more than a handful of computers on a network

8. 8 Network Classification by Area PAN (Personal Area Network) Local area network (LAN): confined to a relatively small space, such as a building or an office Metropolitan area network (MAN): larger than a LAN; connects clients and servers from multiple buildings Wide area network (WAN): connects two or more geographically distinct LANs or MANs

9. 9 LANs, MANs, and WANs Figure 1-4: A simple WAN

10. 10 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks Client Server Workstation (high end computer, ex: SGI 64-bit) Network interface card (NIC) NOS Host (have ip address in network) Node (do not have ip)

11. 11 Elements Common to Client/Server Networks (continued) Figure 1-5: A NIC

12. 12 Network Topology

13. 13 What is Communication Agree on the method used May have to agree on the language used Communication is successful when the message already received and confirmed

14. 14 Protocols Driving Force: need for different proprietary networking system to communicate Protocol: set of rules for acceptable behaviour to enable communication Specifically:  the set of rules used by communicating parties for that communication to be successful  Suite of protocols cover all required behaviour  Mostly implemented in software  Complexity demands that protocols are ‘layered’

15. 15 ISO/OSI Reference Model ISO in 1984  Open Systems Interconnect (OSI)  A design guideline for network layering  Abstract layers provide different services  Defines 7 layers of service  Each layer provides service to adjacent layers  Each layer communicates with same layer in remote machine.

16. 16 OSI Reference Model Physical Layer Link Layer Network Layer Transport Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer Physical Layer Link Layer Network Layer Transport Layer Session Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer

17. 17 OSI Model

18. 18 OSI Layers

19. 19 OSI Layers

20. 20 OSI Layers

21. 21 OSI Layers

22. 22 OSI Layers

23. 23 OSI Layers

24. 24 OSI Layers

25. 25 TCP/IP Model

26. 26 Data Encapsulation

27. 27 Data Encapsulation

28. 28 OSI Layer vs. TCP/IP Layer

29. 29 IP TCPUDP FTP – File Transfer Protocol HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol WAP – Wireless Application Protocol SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol e.g. IEEE 802.x 1-2 4 5-7 3

30. 30 Packet Tracer Example of packet data unit (PDU) in layered network

31. 31 Movie GoodWarriors

32. 32 Some Protocols in TCP/IP Suite

33. 33 Quiz What are the differences between  Circuit switching and packet switching  Connection oriented and connectionless oriented Protocols  What are they?  Why do we layer protocols? ISO/OSI – 7 layer reference model  How does the OSI abstract services?  How does TCP/IP stack relate to OSI?

34. 34 Topik IM & SIP protocol Dhcp & e-mail protocol p2p protocol ipv6 & packettracer Vlan rip & ospf Ns2, contoh aplikasi omnet++, contoh aplikasi