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Snohomish County Hazardous Materials and Weapons of Mass Destruction
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First Responder Guidelines Purpose- To establish consistent and safe guidelines for first response to hazardous materials and WMD incidents. A chemical or biological hazardous material shall be defined as any substance (solid, liquid or gas) capable of creating harm to people, property or the environment.
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First Responder Guidelines Command- The ICS adopted by the Snohomish County Fire Chief’s Association shall be used at all Hazmat incidents. The system is compliant with the National Incident Management System (NIMS).
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First Responder Guidelines Command Post- The command post shall be located uphill, upwind and at a safe distance from the incident. All personnel at the Command Post shall have appropriate personal protective equipment.
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First Responder Guidelines Initial Precautions- The following precautions shall be taken by all personnel at the time of dispatch to a possible Hazmat or WMD incident: –Full bunker gear before response –Note wind direction –Approach from uphill/upwind, if possible –Position apparatus at a safe distance (Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) Green section) –SCBA’s in “stand-by” position
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First Responder Guidelines Size up- Determine if Hazmat is present. The following may indicate the presence of a Hazmat: –Type of Occupancy –Type of Container –Placards and/or Labels –Info from bystanders, employees or drivers –Suspicious packages or letters –Transportation documents –Pre-fire information
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First Responder Guidelines Notification and Report- After determining that a Hazmat may be involved, immediately notify dispatch. Request the notification of the local Emergency Management Duty Staff and establish Incident Command.
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First Responder Guidelines Isolate and Deny Entry- Use the following methods to isolate the scene and deny entry: Cones Cones Barrier tape Barrier tape Stage incoming units at intersections Stage incoming units at intersections Law enforcement Law enforcement
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First Responder Guidelines Chemistry
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First Responder Guidelines Identify Hazmat- Use the following information to gather essential information: Utilize previously gathered info Utilize previously gathered info Talk to owner, driver, employee, etc. Talk to owner, driver, employee, etc. Contact shipper Contact shipper Contact the manufacturer Contact the manufacturer Request assistance from Snohomish County Hazmat Request assistance from Snohomish County Hazmat
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First Responder Guidelines Assess the Potential- Container size and amount of material Container size and amount of material Type of Hazmat Type of Hazmat Damage to container/ rate of release Damage to container/ rate of release Weather Weather Location/population risk Location/population risk Fire involvement or likelihood Fire involvement or likelihood
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First Responder Guidelines Call for Help- Emergency Management Emergency Management Police, WSP, Sheriff Police, WSP, Sheriff Public Works Public Works Coast Guard Coast Guard Mutual Aid Mutual Aid Chemist, Poison Control, Chemtrec Chemist, Poison Control, Chemtrec Red Cross and/or Support 7 Red Cross and/or Support 7
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First Responder Guidelines Control Zones- Establish exclusionary zone (using Initial Isolation Distances in ERG) Establish exclusionary zone (using Initial Isolation Distances in ERG) Utilize local geography when establishing Initial Isolation Zones (i.e. highways, railroad tracks, water, etc.) Utilize local geography when establishing Initial Isolation Zones (i.e. highways, railroad tracks, water, etc.)
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First Responder Guidelines Defensive Tactical Considerations- Rescue: Rescue: Attempt only if not endangering personnel All victims and rescuers considered contaminated (Decon in place) PPE is adequate Victim is viable Back-up team and buddy system used
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First Responder Guidelines Defensive Tactical Considerations- Confinement: Confinement: Damming and/or diking Diverting Absorption Covering solids
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First Responder Guidelines Defensive Tactical Considerations- Plugging Vehicle Fuel Tanks: Plugging Vehicle Fuel Tanks: Trained “Operations” level only Proper PPE (Full turnouts and chemical protective gloves) Ignition sources are removed Appropriate defensive actions in place Avoid turnout contamination (plastic, Tyvek, etc.)
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First Responder Guidelines Defensive Tactical Considerations- Plugging Vehicle Fuel Tanks (cont.): Plugging Vehicle Fuel Tanks (cont.): Charged hose line in place for Decon Dry Chemical extinguisher in place during plugging Personnel must follow manufacturer’s preparation for plugging material Engine company should never exceed level of training
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First Responder Guidelines Defensive Tactical Considerations- Extinguishment: Extinguishment: Extinguishing agents may be contaminated and should be contained Some poisons and pesticides breakdown more efficiently when burned Flammable gases that are burning should not be extinguished prior to stopping flow
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First Responder Guidelines Defensive Tactical Considerations- Extinguishment (cont.): Extinguishment (cont.): Some products are reactive to extinguishing agents If flame is impinging a container, water should be used to cool the container at point of impingement
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First Responder Guidelines Pipeline Procedure- Main Line 26” to 30” with 809 to 960 psi Lateral lines 16” to 20” with.25 to 250 psi Distribution lines 1.25” to 16” with.25 to 250 psi
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First Responder Guidelines Pipeline Procedure- Natural Gas Tactical Considerations: Leak detection Blowing sound and/or dirt Bubbles from beneath water Fire coming from ground Odor of Mercaptan
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First Responder Guidelines Pipeline Procedure- Natural Gas Tactical Considerations: Chemical Characteristics Lighter than air 4-15% flammable range Readily ignited Can flashback to source Gas can be trapped under asphalt Trapped gas can explode
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First Responder Guidelines Pipeline Procedure- Natural Gas Tactical Considerations: Protective Actions If on fire, do not extinguish Evacuate immediate area Control exposures Air monitor surrounding area Control ignition sources if leak only
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First Responder Guidelines Pipeline Procedure- Flammable Liquids Basic Information: Main lines are 16” & 20” with 350 to 1250 psi Main lines can leak up to 6700 gpm Products carried are gasoline, jet fuel and diesel
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First Responder Guidelines Pipeline Procedure- Flammable Liquids Tactical Considerations: Leak detection: All fuels have strong distinctive odor Colorful sheens will appear on water/flat surfaces Gasoline is flammable Diesel and Jet Fuel are combustible All products have VP >1 and SG 1 and SG <1
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First Responder Guidelines Pipeline Procedure- Flammable Liquids Tactical Considerations: Protective Actions: Notify Olympic Pipeline (800-271-8880) Evacuate exposures downhill/downwind Do not extinguish Dam, dyke, divert as appropriate Avoid prolonged exposure to vapors
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First Responder Guidelines Biology
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First Responder Guidelines Biological Agent Response Actions In general, will not involve a scene to respond to May require days or weeks to detect patterns Incidents may involve: Threat of release Detected device prior to release Observed perpetrator in act of disseminating agent Package or letter with reported agent or suspected agent
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First Responder Guidelines Biological Agent Response Actions (cont.) Credible threats managed by NIMS and unified command with Law Enforcement as lead agency Non-credible threats handled similar to bomb threats Law Enforcement Duty Chief and Duty Sergeant will be notified by dispatch of a threat Law Enforcement Duty Chief will assess credibility of threat and notify FBI, if appropriate Fire Department resources will support only
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First Responder Guidelines Biological Agent Response Actions (cont.) Isolate area and establish a perimeter Quarantine persons involved in the immediate area and place them in area of safe refuge Recover and double bag unopened packages Request HazMat response for open packages Shut down HVAC systems and reduce potential spread DO NOT USE SUSPECTED AGENT NAME OVER RADIO
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First Responder Guidelines Biological Agent Response Actions (cont.) If the product is deemed a credible threat: Follow HazMat procedures for isolation, product packaging and Decon procedures Collect all incident and response contact information Contact local health district to coordinate specimen testing at Washington State DOH Epidemiology Lab If unable to reach, contact ESCA Law Enforcement and fire official will remain on-scene until final disposition of specimen is determined Law Enforcement will deliver specimen to lab
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First Responder Guidelines Biological Incident Flowchart
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First Responder Guidelines BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AGENTINCUBATIONLETHALITYPERSISTENCEDISSEMINATION Bacteria Anthrax1 -5 days3 -5 days fatalVery StableAerosol Cholera12 hours – 6 daysLow with treatment High without treatment Unstable Stable in saltwater Aerosol Sabotage of water Plague1 – 3 days1 – 6 days fatalExtremely stableAerosol Tularemia1 – 10 days2 weeks moderateVery stableAerosol Q fever14 – 26 daysWeeks?StableAerosol Sabotage Viruses Smallpox10 – 12 daysHighVery stableAerosol Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis 1 – 6 daysLowUnstableAerosol Vectors Ebola4 – 6 days7 – 16 days fatalUnstableAerosol Direct contact Biological Toxins Botulinum toxinsHours to daysHigh without treatment StableAerosol Sabotage Staphylococcal enterotoxin B 1to 6 hoursLowStableAerosol Sabotage RicinHours to days10 – 12 days fatalStableAerosol Sabotage Tricothecene2 – 4 hoursModerateExtremely stableAerosol Sabotage
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First Responder Guidelines Chemical Agent Signs and Symptoms AgentEffectsSmellOnsetFirst AidDecontaminatio n Detection Nerve: Sarin Soman VX Vapor: Pinpoint pupils, salivation, shortness of breath Liquid: Increased sweating at site, localized muscle twitching Both: Nausea vomiting, seizures Fruity smell like Juicyfruit gum Camphor Sulfur Seconds Minutes to hours Mark I kit (atropine & 2 pam chloride) 1-3 kits Diazepam if symptoms are severe Skin: 5% bleach solution Equipment: 5% bleach solution Liquid: M8 paper, M9 paper Vapors: M256 kit, Drager APD-2000 Blister: Mustard Lewisite Phosgene Oxime Vapor: Irritated eyes, runny nose, sneezing, hacking cough Liquid: Redness of skin, blisters, moderate to severe pain Garlic Geraniums Irritating Hours Rapid pain If Lewisite or Phosgene Oxime None Supportive care for pain and blisters Skin: 5% bleach solution Equipment: 5% bleach solution Liquid: M8 paper, M9 paper Vapors: M256 kit, Drager, APD-2000 Choking: Phosgene Chlorine Coughing, choking, tightness in chest, a feeling of suffocation, edema and death Mowed hay or grass Swimming pool or bleach SecondsRemove from environment, give oxygen NoneDrager, APD- 2000 Blood: Hydrogen Cyanide Cyanogen Chloride Gasping for air, reddish skin, unconsciousness, seizures, death Bitter almonds SecondsRemove from environment, give amyl nitrate, sodium thiosulfate &/or sodium nitrate NoneDrager, M256 kit, APD-2000
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First Responder Guidelines Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Approach: Do not rush in - assume HazMat present Avoid any exposure Position apparatus uphill, upwind and facing away from incident Recon will be made using SCBA and full PPE using the buddy system
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First Responder Guidelines Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Size-up: Determine type of incident using binoculars Identify product and/or container Determine priorities- life, environment, property Is facility a possible terrorist target Is there a suspected Biological Agent
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First Responder Guidelines Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Report: Report to dispatch and incoming units Establish command and command post Give size-up from gathered information Call for help as needed State your objectives: Control, rescue, etc.
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First Responder Guidelines Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Scene Control: Isolate the area (use ERG or Pipeline Procedure Guide) Deny entry and stage incoming units Determine safe approach route Establish emergency Decon for victims and/or rescuers
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First Responder Guidelines Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Gather Information: Product name- UN number, classification Paperwork- MSDS, shipping papers, consists Resources- driver/shipper, plant specialists Determine potential- exposures, weather, release type and rate of release
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First Responder Guidelines Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Establish Emergency or Mass Decon: Locate Decon area uphill/upwind Lay 1 ¾” for Emergency Decon Position apparatus in triangle for Mass Decon Bag and label personal belongings Dry brush powder contaminants Flush with water for 5 to 15 minutes Segregate symptomatic and non-symptomatic
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First Responder Guidelines Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Establish Emergency or Mass Decon (cont) : Perform secondary evaluation of patient Provide blanket or Tyvek coverall Avoid aid unit contamination Cover gurney in plastic and transport crews in chemical protective gloves Notify hospital of contamination MCI protocols shall be utilized for patient care after Mass Decon
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First Responder Guidelines Initial Actions for HAZMAT and WMD Responses Rescue : Attempt rescue only if: Patient is viable PPE is available Buddy system is used Back-up team is available
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First Responder Guidelines HazMat Group Organization Chart HAZMAT MEDICAL MEDIC EMT’s REHAB ENTRY OFFICER ENTRY BACK UP RESOURCE AID OPERATIONS HAZ MAT GROUP/BRANCH HAZMAT SAFETY HAZMAT TEAM AID HAZMAT GROUP SUPERVISOR INCIDENT COMMAND AGENCY REP TO INCIDENT COMMAND SITE SAFETY HAZMAT LIAISON DECON OFFICER AID DECON TEAM
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First Responder Guidelines HazMat Group Organization Chart Terrorism
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First Responder Guidelines HazMat Group Organization Chart Any Questions?
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