1. Use of solid fuels MICS3 Data Analysis and Report Writing Workshop

2. Background More than 3 billion people around the world rely on solid fuels (biomass and coal) for their basic energy needs – including cooking and heating Cooking and heating with solid fuels leads to high levels of indoor smoke, a complex mix of health-damaging pollutants

3. Background When solid fuels are burned, the main problem is products of incomplete combustion (PIC) – including CO, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, SO 2, and other toxic elements. Low combustion efficiency compared to LPG Increases risks of acute respiratory illness, pneumonia, chronic obstructive lung disease, cancer etc, and possibly tuberculosis, low birth weight, cataracts, asthma. Up to 2 million deaths per year

4. International Goals & Targets Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

5. Definition of indicator Proportion of households using solid fuels as the primary source of domestic energy for cooking Numerator: Number of households that use solid fuels (wood, charcoal, crop residues and dung) as the primary source of domestic energy to cook Denominator: All surveyed households

6. Solid fuels

7. Country data - Regions Source: WHO

8. Country data - CEECIS Source: WHO

9. Country data – African Countries Source: WHO

10. Country data - MENA Source: WHO Mauritania 65, Yemen 42, Syria 32, Djibouti 6 percent. Less than 5 percent of households in all other countries in the region

11. Country data – LAC Countries Source: WHO

12. Country data – South Asian Countries Source: WHO

13. Country data – East Asian & Pacific Countries Source: WHO

14. Type of stove or fire Solid fuel use alone is a poor proxy for indoor air pollution levels, since the concentration of the pollutants is different when the same fuel is burnt in different stoves or fires. Use of closed stoves with chimney minimizes indoor pollution, while open stove or fire with no chimney or hood means that there is no protection from the harmful PIC Additional questions were asked in MICS3 to inquire about the type of stove or fire, but not designated as indicators.