1. Chapter 2: Population Tracy Otieno and Dedeepya Mulpuru

2. What is Population? Population – The number of people in a given region – Counted by a census which is counted every 10 years in most countries Census – The counting the population in a region. – Gathers information including gender, race, age, income..etc. Demography – The study of characteristics of human population Population Density – Number of people occupying an area of land

3. U.S and World Population ClockClock

4. Measuring population 2/3rds of the world population is concentrated in four specific areas: – East Asia, Southwest Asia, South Asia and Europe Ecumene – Portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement Crude density – Number of people in a given area Population Density – Total number of people divided by total land area Agricultural density – Number of farmers per arable land Physiological density – Number of people per arable land

6. Population Change Total Fertility Rate – Average number of children a woman will have during childbearing years Infant Mortality Rate – Number of infants under age 1 compared with total live births Life Expectancy – Average number of years expected to live Crude Birth Rate – Number of births per 1,000 people Crude Death Rate – Number of deaths per 1,000 people Doubling time – Amount of time it takes the population to double of a given region Natural Rate of Increase – Percentage of population growth in a year – Equation: (CBR-CDR)/10

8. Population Pyramid A bar graph that displays age and gender of a population. – The shape is determined by the CBR – Influenced by % of population in each age group and distribution of males and females Sex ratio – Number of males per 100 females Dependency ratio – Number of people to young or too old compared to those who work

9. Stage 1: Low growth Stage 2: High Growth Stage 3: Moderate Growth Stage 4: Low Growth Why does population increase at different rates in different places? Based on the demographic transition model, it explains population change as a country develops from a pre-Industrial to an industrialized economic system.demographic

10. Epidemiologic Transition Model Focuses on the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition: – Stage 1: Pestilence and famine Black Plague – Stage 2: Receding Plague Affects high percent of population and is wide spread cholera – Stage 3: Degenerative and human-created diseases Decline of infectious diseases and is associated with aging cancer – Stage 4: Delayed degenerative diseases – (Stage 5: Reemergence of infectious diseases and parasitic diseases) Evolved diseases, new strains. Malaria

11. Malthus Theory Wrote an essay Principle of Population of 1798 which stated that the population would growing too fast for the food supply. – Critic: Failed to considered population growth in poor countries which would result with a wider resource gap.

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