1. Theory and Practice: Foundations for Effective Technology Integration
Chapter 2
Theory and Practice: Foundations for Effective Technology Integration
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2. Ingredients for Successful Technology Integration
Foundation of learning theories
Technology pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)
Technology Integration Planning Model (TIP)
Essential conditions for integration

3. Learning Theories as Basis for Integration Models
Integrated
Directed
Constructivist
Learning Theories as Basis for Integration Models

4. Directed Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base
Behaviorist theory
Learning as a stimulus-response
B. F. Skinner
Mastery learning
Information-processing theory
The mind as a computer
Atkinson and Shiffrin
Sensory registers

5. Directed Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base (continued)
Cognitive-behavioral theory
Providing conditions for learning
Robert Gagné
Learning hierarchies and events of instruction
Systems theory and systematic instructional design
Managing the complexity of teaching

6. Inquiry-based Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base
Social activism theory
Learning as a social experience
John Dewey
Constructivism
Scaffolding theory
Learning as a cognitive building process
Lev Vygotsky
Zone of proximal development

7. Inquiry-based Technology Integration Strategies Theoretical Base (continued)
Child development theory
Stages of development
Jean Piaget
Discovery learning
Instructional support for child development
Jerome Bruner
Multiple Intelligences theories
Role of intelligence in learning
Howard Gardner

8. Technology Integration Strategies Based on Each Model

9. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Model (TPACK)

10. Technology Integration Planning (TIP)

11. Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 1
Reflect on technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)
Self-assess knowledge domains
What is my knowledge of technology (TK)?
What is my knowledge of pedagogy (PK)?
What is my knowledge of content (CK)?
Where do I see myself in the TPACK model?

12. Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 2
Determine relative advantage
Why should I use a technology-based method?
What is the instructional problem I am addressing?
Do technology-based methods offer a solution with sufficient relative advantage?

13. Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 3
Decide on objectives and assessments
How will I know students have learned?
What outcomes do I expect from using new methods?
What are the best ways of assessing these outcomes?

14. Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 4
Design integration strategies
What teaching strategies and activities will work best?
What kinds of instructional methods are needed?
How can technology best support these methods?
How can I prepare students adequately to use technologies?

15. Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 5
Prepare the instructional environment
Are essential conditions in place to support technology integration?
What equipment, software, media, and materials will I need to carry out instructional strategies?
How should resources be arranged to support instruction and learning?
What planning is required to make sure technology resources work well?

16. Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 6
Evaluate and revise integration strategies
What worked well? What could be improved?
How well has the technology integration strategy worked?
What could be improved to make it work better?

17. Essential Conditions for Effective Technology Integration

18. Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Shared Vision for Technology Integration
Coordinated school and district planning, and involve teachers and other personnel at all levels
Budget yearly amounts for technology purchases and make funding incremental
Emphasize teacher training
Match technology to curriculum needs
Keep current and build in flexibility

19. Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Empowered Leaders
Systematic success with technology requires involvement of entire community
Stakeholders at all levels are informed about the goals of the community, district and school

20. Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Standards and Curriculum Support
Technology and content-area standards support each other
NETS for Students situated to:
Support both subject-area content and technology skills
Align with a shared vision to achieve goals

21. Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Required Policies
Internet use policies
Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
Legal/ethical use policies
Policies to insure equity
Financial assistance, incentives, and accountability policies

22. Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Access to Hardware, Software, & Other Resources
Finding funding
Purchasing hardware and software
Setting up and maintaining physical facilities
Sustainability

23. Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Skilled Personnel and Opportunities for PD
Hands-on, integration emphasis
Training over time
Modeling, mentoring, and coaching
Post-training access

24. Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Technical Assistance
Teachers trained in troubleshooting procedures
Teachers not expected to address complicated diagnostic and maintenance problems
Schools must support teachers by replacing and repairing equipment

25. Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Appropriate Teaching and Assessment Approaches
Teachers should be encouraged to use a variety of technology integration models
Teaching strategies must be matched with appropriate assessment strategies

26. Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Engaged Communities
Partnerships are encouraged between schools, business, corporations and individuals
Partnerships typically benefit all partners