1. State of Connecticut Department of Children and Families
Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking (DMST) and Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children (CSEC) MDT Training
State of Connecticut
Department of Children and Families

2.
Insert a map of your country. 2

3. HUMAN TRAFFICKING DEFINED
According to the TVPA (Trafficking Victims Protection Act 2008), Severe forms of trafficking in persons are defined as:
sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age; or
the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. 3

4. HUMAN TRAFFICKING DEFINED CONT.
Any minor under the age of 18 who is involved in a commercial sex act is a victim of human trafficking.
The sex trafficking of a minor, an individual who is not yet 18 years of age, does not require proof of force, fraud, or coercion.
“Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking” refers to the commercial sexual exploitation of any American citizen or lawful permanent resident under the age of 18.
“Commercial sex act” means any sex act for which anything of value is given to or received by any person. This includes: prostitution, stripping/sexual performance, and pornography. 2 4

5. TVPA VICTIM RIGHTS
They are not culpable for crimes committed as a direct result of their victimization.
They are not to be detained in facilities inappropriate to their status as crime victims.
They should receive necessary medical care and other assistance.
They should be provided with protection if their safety is at risk or if there is a danger of additional harm or recapture of the victim by the trafficker. 5

6. CT Legislation to Protect Victims
2010 Public Act − “An Act Providing a Safe Harbor for Exploited Children” becomes law. The legislature amends Conn. General Statutes Section 53a-82 to state that a person must be sixteen years of age or older to be guilty of prostitution, and in any prosecution of a person sixteen or seventeen years of age, there shall be a presumption that the actor was coerced into committing such offense by another person.
2011 Public Act The law provides in part that upon the arrest of any youth by an officer for a violation of section 53a-82, such officer shall report suspected abuse or neglect to the Department of Children and Families in accordance with the provisions of sections 17a-101to 17a-101d. Those reports should be made to the DCF Careline at (800)

7. CT Legislation cont…
2012 Public Act – An act concerning commercial sexual exploitation of a minor.   This new statute defines commercial sexual exploitation of a minor as a person who knowingly purchases advertising space for an advertisement for a commercial sex act that includes a depiction of a minor.   Commercial sexual exploitation of a minor is a class C felony.
2013 Public Act – An act concerning sexual exploitation and trafficking in persons. Alignment with federal TVPA, Class C felony if the person knew or reasonably should have known at the time that such other person was either younger than the age of eighteen, forfeiture properties, affirmative defense for minors, vacating records, public awareness and prevention, ongoing monitoring of efforts to combat trafficking, mandatory data reporting, statewide oversight and monitoring body.

8. CT Legislation cont… 2014 Public Act 14 -186 (S.B. 5040)
Newest legislation going into effect October 1, 2014:
2014 Public Act (S.B. 5040)
HT victims classified as “uncared for” DCF to provide services
DCF provides training to law enforcement on human trafficking of minors
Creation of MDT’s to work with human trafficking cases

9. Types of CSEC/ DMST: Youth in “The Life.”
Module 3
Types of CSEC/ DMST: Youth in “The Life.”
Street prostitution (increasingly less common)
Stripping
Pornography
Escort services
Casinos/Clubs
Private Parties (increasingly more common)
Interfamilial pimping
Internet based prostitution
Survival Sex
Sex for Drugs
Gang based prostitution
Services exclusive to members
Human Trafficking vs. drugs and weapon sale
Trainer to review each bullet and ask if these may be different for boys, girls or transgender youth ( 9 9

10. CT DCF HT Child Victim Data
Trafficking type: DMST/CSEC
Vulnerability: Majority of victims were on runaway/AWOL status; Majority of victims had experienced sexual abuse and/or neglect
Age range: 2 – 18
Referrals: DCF Social Workers, Law enforcement, EMS, congregate care facilities, Courts, public defenders’ office, NGOs, etc…

11. How Big is the Problem in CT?
Referrals Per Year
January 1, 2008 – July 10, 2014
N=242 11

12. CT. Referrals by Gender January 1, 2008 – July 10, 2014 N=242
CT has under-identified the number of the boys
Reference John Jay study, 2008 12

13. CT Victim Data: Referrals by Region January 1, 2008 - April 30, 2014 N=203
Region 1 ( n= 28; 14%):
Bridgeport, Norwalk, Stamford
Region 2 (n=40; 20%):
Milford, New Haven
Region 3 (n=27; 13%):
Middletown, Norwich, Willimantic
Region 4 (n=51; 25%):
Hartford, Manchester
Region 5 (n=30; 15%):
Danbury, Torrington, Waterbury
Region 6 (n= 19; 9%):
Meriden, New Britain
Region 0 (n=8; 4%):
NY; RI; MA; OR; TX

14. CT Victim Data: Referrals by Ethnicity January 1, 2008 - April 30, 2014 N=203
Black (Non-Hispanic):
65 (32%)
Hispanic : 69 (34%)
Other: 16 (8%)
Unknown: 1(<1%)
White (Non-Hispanic):
52 (26%)

15. IN CONNECTICUT… 4 Stopover location Located between NYC and Boston
2 interstate highways
1 international airport
3 ports 4 15

16. VICTIM PROFILE Youth of any ethnicity, race, or religion
Youth of any socio-economic class
Youth both male and female
Youth of any sexual orientation
Youth of all ages, including teenagers
Vulnerable youth
Youth with histories of abuse
Homeless, Runaway Youth
Youth within the Foster Care System
Youth lacking a Safety Net
Vast majority of male victims do not have a pimp, typically males are homeless at the time they turn to survival sex, likely to stay in groups. Male victims do not disclose.
Transgender youth typically get involved also due to homelessness and will have a “street mother” who will take a cut but will provide shelter etc with no force, fraud or coercion. 16

17. AT A HIGHER RISK FOR VICTIMIZATION
Females
Children involved with DCF
Children from low income communities
You cannot ignore race and class, there are a higher number of low income and children of color being disproportionately being introduced into the life. Law enforcement acknowledges that white females are often seen as victims while African American females are often seen as a prostitute.
African American children are often put into the life at a younger age and arrested and charge more often than any other race. 17

18. THE RISK ASSOCIATED WITH TRUAMA EXPOSURE
It is not solely a history of sexual abuse that places a youth at risk for victimization:
Physical Abuse/Neglect
Emotional Abuse/Neglect
Deprivation of Necessities
Separation of Family/Community
Rejection by Peers and/or Family
Bullying
Community Violence

19. The Adolescent Brain
Between 10-25, brain undergoes changes that impact behavior
Creases in the brain develop during adolescence
Biggest change in the cortex folds that process cognitive and emotional functioning
Biological brain changes during adolescence can trigger high risk behaviors

20. Adolescent Risk Taking
Risk-taking is normal development stage
Question authority in all domains
Most injuries to adolescents are related to risky behaviors (car crashes, alcohol, unprotected sex)
Wisdom and insight is developed through experience (cannot be accessed by teenagers!)

21. Adolescent Romantic Relationships
Romantic relationships increase
By 15, 53% have had a romantic relationship lasting longer than 1 month (Carver, 2003)
These relationships are “practice”
Learn skills necessary for relationships that come later in life (caretaking, attachment)
Positive romantic relationships are associated with good outcomes (self worth, higher commitment in early adulthood) (Seiffge-Krenke, 2002)

22. What Adolescents Want
Adolescents learn to make good decisions when they understand which ones get them more of what they want, and which ones result in more of what they don’t want (Lynn)
Adolescents want: more fun, more independence, more time with friends, more control over their daily lives
Adolescents don’t want: arguments, conflicts with peers, social drama, loss of privileges, and adults telling them what to do

23. THE TRAFFICKER
Can be a pimp, a boyfriend, father, mother, brother, uncle, a coach, a teacher or anyone exerting control over a minor, even a peer
Not always organized criminals
Both men and women of varying ages
Any ethnicity or race
Anyone who benefits from the commercial sexual exploitation of a minor or facilitates the commercial sexual exploitation of a minor 6
Sneaker pimps: often wearing the latest gear, baggy jeans…
Guerilla pimp: recruitment mainly through violence
Finesse pimp: start off as a support system, boyfriend and then turn violent. 23

24. THE TATICS Force =Violence Fraud = Seduction, Grooming
Coercion = Threats of Violence
Infiltrating a congregate care setting with a “bottom bitch”
Scouting a schools, train and bus stations, malls, cinemas, ANYWHERE THAT CHILDREN AND YOUTH SPEND TIME
Looking for weaknesses
Video:

25. METHODS OF CONTROL 25

26. WHY DO VICTIMS STAY?
Often kept isolated and activities restricted to prevent them from seeking help.
May be watched, escorted or guarded by traffickers.
Traffickers may “coach” victims to answer questions with cover story about being wife, student or tourist.
Victims comply and don’t seek help because of fear.
Trafficking victims sent to the United States typically do not speak English. They often are socially isolated and unable to communicate with other victims, clients or service providers.
Victims of trafficking are often kept isolated and their activities restricted in order to prevent them from seeking help.
They are typically watched, escorted or guarded by the traffickers themselves or associates of the traffickers.
Traffickers also may “coach” their victims to answer questions with a cover story about being a wife, student or tourist.
Victims of trafficking often comply with their traffickers and are afraid to seek help because they are in fear for their lives and the lives of their families back in their native countries.
When a victim of trafficking is identified, it no longer matters what their purpose or intent was for coming to the United States.
Under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, victims of human trafficking can apply for special visas or receive other forms of immigration relief. 26

27. WHY DO VICTIMS STAY CONT.
Fear, distrust health providers, government, police
Fear of being deported
Fear of incarceration
Fear of Child Welfare Services
Unaware what is being done to them is a crime
Do not consider themselves victims
Blame themselves for their situations 27

28. WHY DO VICTIMS STAY CONT.
May develop loyalties, positive feelings toward trafficker as coping mechanism
May try to protect trafficker from authorities due to Trauma Bonding
Sometimes victims do not know where they are, because traffickers frequently move them to escape detection.
Fear for safety of family due to threat of violence.
Fear of safety for of self due to extreme violence. 28

29. Trauma Bonding: Definition & Indicators
Module 3
Trauma Bonding: Definition & Indicators
A trauma bond is a strong psychological and emotional connection
between a victim of abuse and his/her abuser. Victims may be so
attached that they believe they cannot survive or are worthless
without their abuser.
Intensely grateful for small kindness;
Denies/Rationalizes violence;
Believes she has some control over abuse;
Self-blame for situation and abuse;
Seeks to keep the exploiter happy;
Sees outside authorities/providers as bad guys;
Sees the pimp as the good guy/protector;
Thankful and grateful that the pimp has not killed her; 29 29
DOCU: V.Y.G. PART 1 – YouTube ( 4:32 to 8:49)

30. Stages of Change Precontemplation (Not thinking about change)
Preparing to Change
(Preparation)
Making Change
(Action)
Relapse (Temporary return to previous behaviors/relationships)
Thinking About Change
(Contemplation)
Maintaining Change
(Maintenance)
Relapse 30

31. Young girls in “the life” are often brutally raped on a daily basis, think of the impact that one rape has on the life of a woman, imagine the impact of a thousand…

32. DAMAGE TO THE VICTIM
Victims suffer from host of physical and psychological problems stemming from:
Inhumane living conditions
Poor sanitation
Inadequate nutrition
Poor personal hygiene
Brutal physical and emotional abuse
Dangerous workplace conditions
General lack of quality medical care 32

33. DAMAGE TO THE VICTIM CONT.
Sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, pelvic pain, rectal trauma and urinary difficulties.
Unwanted pregnancy, resulting from rape or prostitution.
Infertility from chronic untreated sexually transmitted infections or botched or unsafe abortions. 33

34. DAMAGE TO THE VICTIM CONT.
Substance abuse problems or addictions.
Psychological trauma from daily mental abuse and torture.
Malnourishment and serious dental problem.
Undetected or untreated diseases, such as diabetes or cancer.
Bruises, scars and other signs of physical abuse and torture.
Substance abuse is often times NOT used for compliance, as you essentially damage your supply. Often times the addiction begins as a means of coping with what they are having to endure. 34

35. THIS WAS A CHOICE? 35

36. IN A YEARS TIME…
315 DAYS PER YEAR 20 JOHNS PER NIGHT $1,000 PER NIGHT QUOTA= 6300 JOHNS IN LESS THAN A YEAR EARNING $315,000 TAX FREE DOLLARS NONE OF WHICH SHE WILL KEEP.
Lets say we take that same preteen from the previous slide and kidnap her or maybe we sweet talk her and convince her into the life either way, she is in. So instead of enjoying her youth, we are going to put her on the track, responding to incalls and outcalls as well. We are nice traffickers so we will only make her work 315 days per year, she will have an enormous nightly qouta at $ at 20 persons per night. 36

37. WHEN DOES THIS BECOME ACCEPTABLE?
315 DAYS PER YEAR
4 JOHNS PER NIGHT
1260 JOHNS PER YEAR
IS THIS OKAY?
40 WEEKENDS
10 JOHNS PER WEEKEND
400 JOHNS PER YEAR
BETTER?
There aren’t any numbers that will make this acceptable. 37

38. IDENTIFYING CASES OF DMST
Due to the covert nature of the crime, sex trafficking can come to your attention indirectly through other violations:
Prostitution
Domestic violence crimes
Drug charges
Runaways/homeless
Cases of assault
Curfew violation
Loitering/trespassing
Cases of sexual abuse/neglect 38

39. Psychological Indicators
Overly Submissive
Exhibits Fear, Shame, Nervousness
Exhibits Paranoia
Lack of ability to identify him/herself as a victim
Combative or manipulative attitude
Self hatred – cutting, suicidal tendencies
Difficulty concentrating
Over sexualized demeanor/behaviors
Social withdrawal due to shame
Personality disorder
Lack of life skills
Fear of authority figures, especially law enforcement
Refusal to act or participate due to apathy or hopelessness
Center for the Human Rights for Children, Loyola University Chicago and International Organization for Adolescents (IOFA)

40. FACTORS IN IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL VICTIMS
Lack of knowledge about whereabouts
Hotel business cards, escort service business cards, hotel keys, a number of condoms, excess amount of cash
Presence of overly controlling or abusive boyfriend
Chronic runaway/homeless youth
Signs of branding (tattoo/jewelry)

41. FACTORS IN IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL VICTIMS CONT.
Inconsistency in stories
Inability or fear to make eye contact
Injuries/signs of physical abuse/torture
Restricted/scripted communication
Attitude – defensive, rude, evasive, aggressive
Demeanor – fear, anxiety, depression, submissive, tense, nervous
Little knives or some kind of weapon

42. Engagement Techniques
Use open-ended questions
Do not identify the client as “victim”
Don’t assume anything
Be sensitive to asking too much too soon-particularly about the enforcement used
Try to spread talks over several sessions
Be non-judgmental (watch facial expression and exclamation)
Encourage own agency (when you’re ready, can I help you.., etc)
Self designed safety plans: do you have anyone who you could call if you were in trouble? Are those numbers programmed into your phone?
Center for the Human Rights for Children, Loyola University Chicago and International Organization for Adolescents (IOFA)

43. Policy 31-10-6.1 INTAKE AND INVESTIGATIVE RESPONSE TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING OF CHILDREN
The Department of Children and Families is committed to the identification of, rescue and protection of, and providing services for children who have been identified as victims of human trafficking.

44. Connecticut DCF Framework
Identification and Response
Awareness and Education
Restore and Recovery

45. Identification and Response
DCF Careline developed identification codes; tracking system.
HART (Human Anti-Trafficking Response Team) CO and Regions
Designated Emergency Department(s) across the state.
DCF Response Practice Guide
Relationships established with FBI, United States District Attorney, Homeland Security and local law enforcement.
MDT (Multi Disciplinary Team) collaboration and trainings.

46. Awareness and Education
DCF Academy offers 3-days of specialized trainings; Day 1, Day 2 and Demand.
DCF awareness efforts on DMST include Chief of Police/ roll call trainings, juvenile and adult judges, emergency medical providers, MDT teams, service providers, educators, medical providers, foster parents, etc…
Education to Connecticut young people: service providers, schools and community.
Specialized curriculum for girls; My Life My Choice (JRI).
New curriculum for girls and/or boys: Not a #Number (Love 146).
National consultation on best practices for child welfare systems and provider networks.
Newest curriculums and Model: Boys and DMST and Foster Care Training and Model.

47. Restore and Recovery
Provider Network “Trained Up”/ “Trafficking Informed” Services
Specialized services including foster care and mentoring
Survivor Care/ Love 146
Victim advocacy; prosecutions, restorations, etc…

48. Regionalization of Human Trafficking Response
Region I HART Liaison
Human Anti-Trafficking Response Team
Tammy Sneed, Director of
Girl Services: Human Trafficking Co-Lead
William Rivera, Director of Multicultural Affairs: Human Trafficking Co-Lead
Region II HART Liaison
Region III HART Liaison
Region IV HART Liaison
Region V HART Liaison
Region VI HART Liaison
Regional
HART Response
Team
Under the direction and supervision of the HART Response Team,
Regions will establish a partnership with various community providers
and responders to convene immediately and when appropriate
to address the needs of children, families, and communities.

49. Potential Regional HART Response Team Members
MDT
Law Enforcement
Local BOE
Clinical Provider
Family
Foster Parent
Judicial
Coordinate law enforcement response
/criminal investigation
Local, State and Federal
Office of Victim Services (OVS)
Court Liaison both CPS/Delinquency
AAG and Public Defender
School Social Worker/
BOE Liaison
Mobilize Trauma/ Trafficking Informed Providers
My Life My Choice/ Not a #Number
Specialized Services: Survivor Care,
Mentoring, Foster Care, etc…
These are just ideas for potential community team members in order to have the maximum effect of outreach. Could be regional or area based.
The Area Office Liaison will become the go to person interoffice and via community and then communicate directly with the HART to meet the needs of identified victims and community outreach.
While each individual team member could have various agency and community roles in terms of Human Trafficking, they would come together when a victim has been identified to form a wrap around response. Team members could meet monthly/quarterly to discuss identified victims, victim progress, outreach effort and ways to move forward.
Area Office Team Members receive TOT on Human Trafficking and becomes responsible for awareness and education in the community
All response and effort will be reported by the Service Area DMST Liaison to the Consultant team which would be the overseeing body of efforts, services, and initiatives.
Other team member should include someone form Adolescent Services, as well has SW and SWS would present their youth/child.

50. DCF RESPONSE
If there is reasonable cause to SUSPECT human trafficking of a child call the DCF Careline at
Be very clear to inform the screener that you suspect that the child may be a victim of human trafficking/DMST

51. Director of Gender Responsive Adolescent Services
Contact Information
Tammy M. Sneed
Director of Gender Responsive Adolescent Services
Cell: