1. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 1 DPEAS Training Session Dr. Andrew S. Jones, Mr. Phil Shott, and Mr. John Forsythe Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA) Colorado State University (CSU) Fort Collins, CO April 19, 2005 / Suitland, MD

2. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 2 What is it? Data processing system for “large” data analysis tasks using common PCs Features: –Parallel implementation –Web-based documentation and monitoring –Incorporates a Fortran-interpreter for input tasks –Virtualized I/O subsystem (only memory-resident data structures are needed, data algorithms now function like a model) –Able to failover to redundant hardware –Extensible User Module Error Analysis code is still under development Implemented on Windows NT/2000/2003 OS

3. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 3 What Does it Do? Global merge capabilities for numerous data sets Current system in operational use for 7+ years at CIRA Simplifies –Powerful abstraction layers allow anyone to write parallel code –Virtual I/O subsystem reduces end-user code complexities –Users interact using a language most already know Easily Scales –Limited process “cross-talk” improves scaling behavior –Tests have shown that a 2000 machine cluster is physically feasible. –Basically… just add hardware.

4. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 4 10+ Data Types Are Currently Supported Reads and Writes HDF-EOS natively GOES IMAGER (McIDAS) NOAA AVHRR GAC and LAC (McIDAS) NOAA AMSU-A and B (HDF-EOS) DMSP SSM/I (Byte Stream) DMSP SSM/T-2 (NGDC OIS) DMSP OLS (NGDC OIS) TRMM TMI and VIRS (HDF) User extensible… (your format here)

5. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 5 The Big Picture DPEAS can run in what is called “failover mode” –This means that if hardware fails on one cluster of machines, the cluster can migrate to another cluster configuration automatically –This is an optional advanced capability When first learning about DPEAS, focus on the single node capabilities, then focus on the parallel capabilities if needed

6. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 6 PC Compiler Basics The compiler documentation for the MS Visual Studio C compiler and the Compaq/Intel Visual Fortran compiler is extensive…. The following is a quick start “how-to”…

7. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 7 Defining Your Project To define your project, you need to: 1.Create the project 2.Populate the project with files 3.Choose a configuration 4.Define build options, including project settings 5.Build (compile and link) the project To create a new project: 1.Click the File menu and select New. A dialog box opens that has the following tabs: Files Projects Workspaces Other Documents 1.The Projects tab displays various project types. Click the type of Fortran project to be created. If you have other Visual tools installed, make sure you select a Fortran project type. You can set the Create New Workspace check box to create a new Workspace.Fortran project type 1.Specify the project name and location. 2.Click OK to create the new project. Depending on the type of project being created, one or more dialog boxes may appear allowing you to only create the project without source files or create a template-like source file. 3.If a saved Fortran environment exists for the Fortran project type being created, you can also import a Fortran environment to provide default project settings for the new project (see Saving and Using the Project Setting Environment for Different Projects).Saving and Using the Project Setting Environment for Different Projects 4.This action creates a project workspace and one project. It also leaves the project workspace open. To discontinue using this project workspace, click Close Workspace from the File menu. To open the project workspace later, in the File menu, click either Open Workspace or Recent Workspaces. Creating a New Project (taken from online help) Win32 Console Application almost always Will build in release or debug directory; can change configuration in workspace

8. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 8 How do I create a program? On Windows you create a project (Win32 console application almost always); point and click. This creates a makefile which the user shouldn’t have to work with The makefile describes the files to build, their dependencies, compiler settings etc. On Unix / Linux, you edit a makefile directly, including compiler settings [might have evolved…]

9. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 9 Files in Project Important Compiler / Linker Settings

10. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 10 The Developer Studio Environment and Debugger is Powerful! Features “Live” cursor Set / remove breakpoints, run to cursor Drag and drop variable view in watch windows Exception settings Visual array viewer! All point and click The editor can also be useful for non-coding editing (e.g. deleting a column of text)

11. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 11 If you get confusing assembly language windows, make sure the correct context is selected Watch window

12. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 12 DPEAS Code Specifics The DPEAS code base is large All modules are placed into a structured directory layout User code is generally always at a “high-level” and isolated from the rest of the DPEAS system modules Low level library modifications are rarely needed, this encourages reuse of code

13. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 13 Module Context GUIs This is DPEAS

14. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 14 How to Use DPEAS with the MS Visual Studio Environment Active Configuration Selector Build Tools I’ve found that using “Build | Update All Dependencies…” allows the Visual Studio makefile to perform better. I use it at the start of each programming session.

15. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 15 How Do I Modify My DPEAS Parallel Configuration? All DPEAS parallelism configuration is performed by ASCII text files called “resource files”. The resource files are located at: “.\configuration\resource\*.txt”. You can update resource files while DPEAS is running. Your resource files are your means of control of the DPEAS parallelism behaviors. What is the default configuration? By default, all DPEAS configurations are capable of submitting parallel jobs, however, as a safety precaution, only your local machine has a resource file initially created.

16. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 16 Frequently Asked Configuration Questions I want more power: To use additional machines create a resource file for each machine. You can use a copy your local machine’s resource file as a template. I want more control: The resource files also allow you to specify hardware capabilities (or “not to exceed” limits) and scheduling preferences. Sometimes, like for debugging, I don’t want to run in parallel mode: To disable parallel capabilities use the statement “CALL DPE_SLAVE” in your DPEAS input scripts.

17. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 17 Can I interleave DOS or Unix shell commands within the DPEAS input script file? No, DPEAS only understands Fortran syntax. You must place DOS commands either before or after the DPEAS command line. Frequently Asked Usage Questions

18. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 18 Things to Remember! Start with simple-small-quick examples –Simple/Idealized cases –Minimal number of files –Small array sizes Disable parallel execution –Add the statement “Call DPE_SLAVE” to your DPEAS input script file to turn off DPEAS parallelism Use the debugger! It’s easy and it can show you what your code is really doing –Use breakpoints to stop inside your own code –Verify that your code segment was entered –Verify that your code segment was exited

19. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 19 More Debugging Suggestions Additional useful DPEAS statements –Use “Call DPE_WRITE_DATA_STRUCTURE” to list the contents of the virtual I/O data structure –Use “Call DPE_WRITE_VARIABLES” to list the contents of the DPE fortran interpreter variables Caution about modifying the DPEAS internals –Please do not modify any existing DPEAS modules other than “user_module.f90” –DPEAS is designed to hide its complexity –DPEAS contains over 260,000 lines of integrated code –Of course, you can add as many new modules as you need

20. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 20 How to Run in Debug Mode with the MS Visual Studio Environment Select “Win32 Debug” in the active configuration selector dialog box Set a breakpoint in the source code using the Build toolbar’s “hand” (F9) Start execution in debug mode, enter “Go” (F5) from the Build toolbar Wait until the program reaches one of your breakpoints Examine variables, set watches, etc. Stop the Debugger or wait for the program to exit on its own

21. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 21 How to Run in Release Mode with the MS Visual Studio Environment Select “Win32 Release” in the active configuration selector dialog box Start execution in release mode, enter “Execute Program” (Ctrl+F5) from the Build toolbar The program’s command line window will remain open after the program exits Close the command line window when done

22. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 22 How to Run DPEAS in Release Mode with the Batch Job Server Client Verify that BJS is installed and that you have appropriate BJS user privileges At a minimum your user account should belong to the local user groups: –“Batch Users” –“Batch Job Dir Users” on each machine for which you intend to run DPEAS in parallel mode Submit the file “.com\DPEAS release.bat” with the argument containing the relative path name to the input DPEAS script file from the DPEAS executable

23. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 23 How to Run DPEAS in Parallel Mode Run as before, but 1.Remove or comment out any “call DPE_SLAVE” statements in your DPEAS input script file 2.Create DPEAS resource files for the computers you wish to run DPEAS on uThe resource files are named: “.\configuration\resource\.txt” uFeel free to copy existing resource files as a template and then use notepad to edit the file contents as appropriate uSecurity is handled at the network domain level, the resource files are used to inform DPEAS of potential resources that are available, it does not grant resources

24. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 24 How to Monitor Parallel Mode DPEAS Runs with the Batch Job Server Client DPEAS submitted jobs are named: “DPE_AAAAA_NNNNN” Shows Pedigree “Instance” and “Iteration”

25. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 25 An example of a DPEAS input script file

26. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 26 How DPEAS Starts Program Start DPEAS Initialization Interpreting DPEAS script declarations Interpreting DPEAS script executable statements

27. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 27 How DPEAS Ends Program End DPEAS Summary Interpreting DPEAS script executable statements

28. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 28 How Are Spawned Input Scripts and Jobs Created? All spawned DPEAS jobs run machine-generated DPEAS input scripts which are generated by the data processing engine from the Master DPEAS input script (The examples shown previously were examples of DPEAS machine-generated code) This is automated within DPEAS and the user code goes along for the free ride since it is part of the DPEAS executable (it’s like meeting a friendly virus which helps to spread your code along with it)

29. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 29 What Does DPEAS Parallelism Look Like? Do loop contents are sent to other resources in parallel The new jobs run the same “DPEAS.exe”, but execute only the subtask operations Completed Jobs allow additional jobs to start

30. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 30 DPEAS Error Handling Behaviors DPEAS attempts to handle abnormal terminations and will exit with the appropriate status automatically The following error levels are recognized: Error LevelBehavior SuccessDPEAS continues InformationalDPEAS continues WarningsDPEAS continues ErrorsDPEAS conditionally terminates (depending on where it is and what it is doing) Fatal ErrorsDPEAS terminates

31. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 31 To abort a parallel mode job manually: 1.Cancel the Master job 2.Allow Spawned jobs to run and complete normally (i.e., “do nothing” – my personal favorite), or 3.Cancel Spawned jobs manually (this works even if they were submitted by another user) a)Examine the Spawned job names, e.g. “DPE_AAAAA_nnnnn” b)Use the BJS Client to connect to the specified machine c)Cancel the remaining spawned jobs (remember, they may have finished by the time you get to them) d)If you cancel another user’s job, their master job will continue to wait until the canceled job is manually restarted on another system, so please communicate with each other if you do this. How to Abort Parallel Mode DPEAS Runs with the Batch Job Server Client

32. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 32 How to Restart Spawned DPEAS Subtasks from a Parallel Mode DPEAS Run with the Batch Job Server Client

33. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 33 How do I modify DPEAS? All user routines should interface through the module: “user_module.f90” Each DPEAS user routine added requires a wrapper to interface correctly to the DPEAS interpreter All virtual I/O data interfaces are through the DPEAS libraries The principle DPEAS library statements are: –generic function “found” –generic subroutine “allocate_hdfeos” –generic overloaded operator “=”

34. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 34 The 3 Programming Steps to Add a User Routine to DPEAS 1.Insert a program “hook” The program hook makes the main DPEAS program aware of the existence of your wrapper routine. 2.Create a wrapper routine The wrapper routine tells the DPEAS fortran interpreter how to parse and interact with your application subroutine arguments. 3.Create an application routine The application routine performs the “real” work. You can do anything you want within the application routine.

35. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 35 How does the “User_Module.f90” relate to my DPEAS Input Scripts?

36. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 36 User Example: The user’s program hook 2 lines of code

37. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 37 User Example: The user’s wrapper routine 4 lines of executable code

38. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 38 User Example: The user’s application routine Declarations (1 of 2)

39. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 39 User Example: The user’s application routine Declarations (2 of 2) Pointers to the virtual I/O data structures Define arrays as pointers

40. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 40 User Example: The user’s application routine Using existing Virtual I/O data structures One function is used to find ALL virtual I/O data structure pointers

41. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 41 User Example: The user’s application routine Creating new Virtual I/O data structures One subroutine is used to allocate ALL virtual I/O data structures

42. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 42 User Example: The user’s application routine Using the virtual I/O data via pointers 1. Find each MW channel 2. Allocate a new output array data structure Your science code looks like this

43. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 43 User Example: Usage of the new user routine in a DPEAS input script file

44. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 44 User Example: The results: Complete integration The new user routine is now fully integrated into DPEAS

45. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 45 User Example: The output HDF-EOS file

46. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 46 User Example: The output image representation 150 GHz Effective Emissivity Calculated from: GOES-08 IMAGER NOAA-15 AMSU-B

47. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 47 Creates 2 new routines: –Wrapper routine –Application routine Requires 25 lines of executable code: –2 – Program hook –4 – Wrapper routine –19 – Application routine 2 – Variable assignments 3 – Science algorithm 14 – Virtual I/O library calls (using only 2 Virtual I/O library routines) User Example: Summary Small overhead for gaining massive parallelism capabilities!

48. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 48 Creates 2 new routines: –Wrapper routine –Application routine Requires 59 lines of executable code: –2 – Program hook –4 – Wrapper routine –53 – Application routine 2 – Variable assignments 3 – Science algorithm 48 – HDF-EOS library calls (using 26 HDF-EOS library routines) User Example: How complex would the user routine be, if written without the Virtual I/O library? Answer: Without the DPEAS Virtual I/O library there would be: 24 additional I/O routines called by the user (+1200%) 34 additional lines of user code (+236%)

49. DPEAS Training Session April 19, 2005 49 User Example: Conclusions Implementation Insights –Minimal amount of end-user code is required –The effort and resources involved are small ( The DPEAS program recompiled in < 30 s on the user’s desktop) Virtual I/O Insights –The DPEAS virtual I/O access method is less complex than traditional HDF-EOS file access methods End user’s perspective –End users are protected from technical data format issues –End users can develop higher quality code by leveraging shared robust common modules –Scalability is greatly enhanced with little end user effort