1. Federal Government Influence on State Supported Education Tiffany Tolbert Political Science Capstone Fall 2003

2. Development of American Education United States Constitution United States Congress State Constitutions State Roles in Education During the 19 th Century Legislators Taxation Bureaucracies

3. Congressional Influence on Education Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862 The Smith-Hughes Act (1917) The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 The National Defense Act of 1958 No Child Left Behind (2001)

4. Judicial Developments In State Educational Policies

5. Supreme Court Influence on Education Dartmouth College Case (1819) 20 th Century Supreme Court Decisions –Brown vs. Board of Education, Topeka, KS –Tinker vs. Des Moines Independent School District (1969) –San Antonio Independent School District vs. Rodriquez (1973) Compliance with Federal Orders

6. Fear of Federal Control in Education What is the Fear? Regionalism Curriculum Federal Actions in Education Legislators Political Parties

7. The Alabama Problem September 9 th Referendum $675 million budget shortfall for 2004 fiscal year Legislative Special Session Educational Trust Fund (ETF) budget cuts Result - $4.2 billion education budget for 2004

8. Alabama ETF Budget Cut Results Funding for already existing K-12 teachers Text book money decreased from $42 million to 5.2 million Buying of books and computers eliminated Funding for Graduation Exam preparation courses cut 50% of money for private schools cuts Alabama Student Grant Program cut from $5.3 million to $1.8 million

9. Who Controls American Education? Continuous Debate Other Influences on Education

10. The End