1. 1 Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series Webinar 3 Collecting and Storing Your Data Teleconference: Toll-free Dial-in: 1-877-323-2005 Local Dial-in: 416-472-5080 Global Toll-free: 800-6059-2969 Conference ID: 2419719# Please keep your phones on mute Moderator: Jaspreet Ahuja ahujajs@mcmaster.ca

2. Webinar 3 Collecting and Storing Your Data Michelle Freeman RN, PhD Assistant Professor, University of Windsor Nursing Health Services Research Unit (NHSRU) McMaster University Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series Date: December 12, 2012 Time: Noon- 1:00PM (EST) 2

3. Session Objectives Review definition of primary data Describe purpose, design and survey development Explain special considerations when using a web- based survey to collect primary data Describe advantages/disadvantages of web-based survey for primary database Discuss next steps with database Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 3

4. Types of Data Primary data - collected to answer a specific research question. Secondary data – collected by some other user. Administrative data – secondary data collected for non-research purposes but may used to answer specific research questions. Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series Source: Wunsch, H., Harrison, D., Rowan, K. (2005). Health Services Research in critical care using administrative data. Journal of Critical Care, 20: 264-269. 4

5. Primary Databases Result from individual research projects Include many variables and/or themes Can be standardized for use by other investigators to ask different questions Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 5

6. Study Employment Goals, Expectations, and Migration Intentions of Nursing Graduates in a Canadian Border City Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 6

7. Why primary databases to study nurse migration? Limited research using primary databases Canada not immune to its nurses migrating for work – “…little understanding of the reason why they leave to work in USA and this problem has received virtually no attention as a research or policy issue” (McGillis Hall et al., 2009, p. 204) – No comprehensive data source in either US or Canada to track number of Canadian RNs currently employed in US Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 7

8. Why primary databases to study nurse migration? US the largest importer of nurses and Canada is an important source country especially for border states (Aiken et al., 2004) – Border communities major supplier of nurses for US hospitals as “commuter migrants” but numbers unknown Projected nursing shortages Gap in understanding migration intentions of new graduate nurses and factors pushing them from Canada Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 8

9. Study Purpose (1)What are the migration intentions of these graduates? (2) What factors (values, expectations, personal characteristics and other) influence their migration intentions? (3)Does the Value-Expectancy framework contribute to our understanding of these factors? Sample BScN students graduating in June 2011 in a Canadian border community (N= 281) Method Mixed methods – Web-based survey – Interviews 9 Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series

10. Value-Expectancy (V-E)Framework (De Jong and Fawcett, 1981) Migrant makes a conscious decision to migrate or stay by weighing values (goals) against the expectation of obtaining them – Measure value – Measure expectancy for different locations Subjective probability that valued outcome will be obtained – Identifies migration intention for different locations 10 Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series

11. Study Framework Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 11 Conceptual Categories (De Jong & Fawcett, 1981) – Wealth – Status – Comfort – Stimulation – Autonomy – Affiliation – Morality Conceptual Categories for Nurse Migrants – Economic rewards – Professional development – Healthy work environment – Safe living and working environment – Opportunity for adventure – Autonomy in choice of workplace – Social support – Support of ethical practice

12. Study Framework Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 12

13. Survey Design Goal Accurate primary database with no missing data and high response rate Obtain volunteers for interviews Ability to track respondents to determine if they actually migrated Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 13

14. Survey Design: Considerations Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 14 What program should I use to develop survey? Where is data stored? Length of survey? Design: What order for questions? Should students be allowed to go back and review responses? Specific variables: Age

15. Face/Content Validity and Functionality Face – Conducted in several stages Content – Survey categories based on V-E framework (De Jong & Fawcett, 1981) but developed for nursing – Nurse migration literature searched to obtain categories which reflected why nurses migrate and to determine job factors deemed important to nurses – Consultations with researchers who had experience in survey development – Content validity testing of the questions in each category was performed by two experts and content validity index calculated Final survey tested by researcher and five individuals for functionality, time to complete, and to ensure accurate data capture Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 15

16. Designing Survey Questions: Choosing Scales Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 16 How important is getting a full- time job in nursing after you graduate? Value Scale 1 very unimportant 2 unimportant 3 neither important nor unimportant 4 important 5 very important

17. Designing Survey Questions: Choosing Scales Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 17 How confident are you that you will get a full-time job in nursing................in Canada? ………………in another country? Expectancy Scale 1= Not confident at all. 2= Slightly confident. I am about 25% certain. 3= Somewhat confident. I am about 50% certain. 4= Very confident. I am about 75% certain 5= Extremely confident. I am about 100% certain.

18. REB: Specific Requirements for Online Survey Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 18

19. Protecting Confidentiality and Anonymity of Participants Results stored at university only accessible by password by researcher Participants created unique identifying code – To allow matching of the survey with any future follow up studies without allowing the investigators to know the respondent’s identity Required to enter email three times at end of survey – Recruited for follow-up interviews – Recruited for follow-up studies (Did they migrate?) – Enter draw for gift certificates Three lists generated that were separate from survey responses Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 19

20. Planning Database: Data Coding Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 20

21. Developing Survey Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 21

22. Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 22

23. Database: Excel Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 23

24. Database: SPSS Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 24

25. Database: SPSS Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 25

26. Recruitment Three-contact email strategy used (Dillman, Smyth, & Christian, 2009) Email 1: introduced survey, emphasized importance and information to access survey Email 2: thank you to those who completed survey, a reminder for those who had not and repeat of access information Email 3: emphasized limited time left to complete the survey and the importance of responding Optimal timing sequence for web surveys has not yet been determined – Sent at one week intervals Draw as incentive – End of survey offered opportunity to participate by giving email address Additional contacts required to increase response rate – 2 mailings Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 26

27. Advantages of On-line Survey for Collecting/Storing Data Low cost; no storing of paper surveys; no mailing costs Easy to follow response rate – Plan additional contacts if needed – Predictable response rate within 24-48 hr after email contact Missing data evident No data entry required Easily downloaded into SPSS Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 27

28. Challenges of On-line Survey for Collecting/Storing Data Additional REB requirements Students received too many emails/surveys Could not give reward to each participant for completing survey – Entered draw at end – Required entering email address into separate database that could not be connected with responses Confidentiality- unable to link with other data (CNO) to follow up on actual migration Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 28

29. Next Steps Repeating survey with graduating class 2013 Complete survey during class – Incentive for each student Interest from other universities to use survey with graduates Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 29

30. Summary: Collecting and Storing Your Data Requires careful planning and design Clear benefits to using web-based surveys Primary data bases important in research areas where limited primary research Benefits of connecting with other researchers to adapt survey to other populations Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 30

31. References Aiken, L., Buchan, J., Sochalski, J., Nichols, B., & Powell, M. (2004). Trends in international migration. Health Affairs, 23(3), 69-77. De Jong, G., & Fawcett, J. (1981). Motivations for migration: An assessment and a value-expectancy research model. In G. De Jong, & R. Gardner, Migration decision making: Mutlidisciplinary approaches to microlevel studies in developed and developing countries (pp. 13-58). New York: Pergamon Press. Dillman, D., Smyth, J., & Christian, L. (2009). Internet, mail, and mixed mode surveys: The tailored design method. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Freeman, Michelle A., "Nurse Migration Intentions in a Canadian Border City" (2012). Open Access Dissertations and Theses. Paper 6900. http://digitalcommons.mcmaster.ca/opendissertations/6900http://digitalcommons.mcmaster.ca/opendissertations/6900 Freeman, M., Baumann, A., Akhtar-Danesh, N., Blythe, J., Fisher, A. (2012). Employment Goals, Expectations, and Migration Intentions of Nursing Graduates in a Canadian Border City: a mixed methods study. Journal of International Nursing Studies. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.07.015 McGillis Hall, L., Pink, G., Jones, C., Leatt, P., Gates, M., & Peterson, J. (2009). Is the grass any greener? Canada to United States of America nurse migration. International Nursing Review, 56, 198-205. Streiner, D., & Norman, G. (2008). Health measurement scales: A practical guide to their development and use. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 31

32. Questions? 32 Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series

33. Upcoming Webinar Sessions Webinar 4: Development of a New Graduate Nurse Employment Database (Jan 21, 2013) Webinar 5: Applications and Analysis of a Secondary Database (Feb 20, 2013) Webinar 6: Understanding How to Work with HOBIC (March 2013) Webinar 7: Development of a Longitudinal Qualitative Database (March 2013) Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series 33

34. Andrea Baumann, PhD Scientific Director Nursing Health Services Research Unit McMaster University Michael DeGroote Centre for Learning MDCL 3500 (905) 525-9140 ext. 22581 baumanna@mcmaster.ca Michelle Freeman, RN PhD Assistant Professor University of Windsor (519) 253-3000 ext. 4812 mfreeman@uwindsor.ca 34 Leveraging Data to Make Better Decisions - An Overview of Databases Webinar Series