1. Unit 3: The Executive Branch

2. Unit 3: The Executive Branch
Chapter 8 The Presidency
Chapter 9 Presidential Leadership
Chapter 10 The Federal Bureaucracy

3. Chapter 8 The Presidency
8.1 President and Vice President 8.2 Electing the President 8.3 The Cabinet 8.4 The Executive Office

4. ACOS:
2. Analyze purposes, organization, functions, and principles of the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.
7. Trace the development and impact of the media on the political process and public opinion in the United States.
8. Identify roles political parties play in the functioning of the political system of the United States.
10. Identify constitutional provisions of the executive branch of the government of the United States.

5. 8.1 President and Vice President
Duties of the President
President’s Term and Salary
Presidential Qualifications
Presidential Succession
The Vice President’s Role

6. Duties of the President
Command of military
Appointment of some federal officials
Foreign Policy
Enforcement of the Law
Lawmaking agenda

7. Duties of the President
Which of the presidential duties are reflected in the pictures on the following slides?

12. Obama’s State of the Union Address

14. Presidential Term and Salary
The 22nd amendment limits presidential terms to two.
This amendment was created in response to FDR’s 4 terms.
A VP can serve up to 10 years as president if he becomes president with two years or less left on his predecessor.

16. Presidential Term and Salary
Congress determines how much compensation presidents receive.
As of 2001, presidents make $400,000 annually.
Presidents receive other benefits. Examples:
Air Force One
Marine One
Free medical, dental, and health care
Rent free housing (The White House)
After retirement, they receive a pension of $148,400 a year.

17. Presidential Qualifications
Constitutional Requirements
natural born citizen
at least 35 years old
resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years before taking office
Informal Requirements
Government experience
Importance of money
Moderate Political Beliefs
Personal Characteristics (ethnic, economic, racial, and gender backgrounds)

18. “The Johnson Treatment”
Johnson’s personal characteristics helped him “persuade” lawmakers.

19. “The Johnson Treatment”

21. Discussion Question
What do you consider the most important qualification for the office of the president?
Explain.

22. Presidential Succession
The 25th amendment establishes the order of succession for the presidency.
It also establishes procedure for a vacancy in the vice presidency.
It also sets the procedure if the president becomes disabled.

24. Discussion Question
In 1967, why was the 25th amendment added to the Constitution?
President Kennedy’s assassination helped show that the rules for succession were inadequate.

25. The Vice President’s Role
Balancing the Ticket
President of the Senate
Advisor to the President
Representative of the President
Successor to the President

26. Discussion Question
Why have recent presidents tried to give their vice presidents more responsibilities?
To promote them as future presidential candidates
To use their expertise
To prepare them for the highest office

27. Recent Vice Presidents who became President through the death of the President

28. Recent Vice Presidents who became President through the death of the President

29. Recent Vice Presidents who became President through the vacancy of the President

30. Interpreting Political Cartoons Activity
What does the father think is the most important requirement to become president?
He thinks access to money is the most important requirement to become president. .

31. Interpreting Political Cartoons Activity
Does the cartoon make references to any of the formal qualifications for the office of president?
No.

32. Do you agree with the statement made in the cartoon? Why or why not?
Interpreting Political Cartoons Activity
Do you agree with the statement made in the cartoon? Why or why not?

33. 8.2 Electing the President
The Original System
Impact of Political Parties
The Electoral College Today
Electoral College Issues
The Inauguration

34. ACOS:
2. Analyze purposes, organization, functions, and principles of the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.
7. Trace the development and impact of the media on the political process and public opinion in the United States.
8. Identify roles political parties play in the functioning of the political system of the United States.
10. Identify constitutional provisions of the executive branch of the government of the United States.

35. 8.2 Electing the President
The Original System
Impact of Political Parties
The Electoral College Today
Electoral College Issues
The Inauguration

36. The Original System
Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution states that the candidate with the majority of the electoral votes becomes president.
The candidate who comes in second wins the vice presidency.

37. Discussion Question
What political problem could result from the vice president being the second-highest electoral vote?
The vice president may be a political foe of the president.

38. The Impact of Political Parties
The Election of 1800 was decided by the House of Representatives.
To prevent a tie vote for president in the Electoral College, the 12th amendment was added.
It provided that electors must cast separate ballots for the president and vice president.

39. The Electoral College System Today
The Electoral College is still used to choose the president and vice president.
The College uses a winner-take-all system.
Maine and Nebraska are the only exceptions.
Electoral votes go to the candidate receiving the largest popular vote.
Electors cast the official vote in December.

40. Discussion Question
Should an elector be required to vote for the candidate who won that state’s popular vote? Explain.
FYI: Faithless electors have never changed election results.
In 1976, a Washington elector voted for Ronald Reagan although Ford had won the state’s popular vote.
In 2004, a Minnesota elector voted for Jonathan Edwards for president and vice president.
9 other electors have broken with custom.

41. Electoral College Issues
Critics claim the winner-take-all system is unfair.
It is possible for a candidate to lose the total popular vote and win the electoral vote.
A third-party candidate could prevent any candidate from an electoral majority.

42. Electoral College Issues
The House of Representatives then determines the winner.
Suggestions to improve the electoral college have been made.
Some believe the Electoral College should be replaced by direct election.

43. Bush/Gore 2000

44. Bush/Kerry 2004

47. Discussion Question How can the Electoral College be improved?
Read pages

48. Issues to Debate 8-2
Should the Electoral College Be Replaced? Create charts listing the advantages and disadvantages of the Electoral College and of a direct election. Evaluate your charts and decide whether they support the Electoral College or direct election of the president. Then form two groups accordingly. Have group members merge their charts into a group chart showing the advantages of the system they support. Allow each group to explain one advantage at a time and the other group to debate that advantage until all advantages have been explained and debated. Tally the number of students in each group and note which system each group supported.
Concluding the Debate Hold a secret-ballot vote for the Electoral College or for direct election, and tally the results. Compare these totals with the total number of students in each group. Discuss the changes in number of votes and number of group members. Ask who originally supported one system and later voted for another to evaluate why they changed their views.

49. The Inauguration
The new president is sworn into office in an inauguration ceremony.
All leading officials from the three branches attend the January 20 ceremony.

57. 8.3 The Bureaucracy The Selection of the Cabinet
The Role of the Cabinet
Factors Limiting the Cabinet’s Role

58. ACOS:
2. Analyze purposes, organization, functions, and principles of the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.
7. Trace the development and impact of the media on the political process and public opinion in the United States.
8. Identify roles political parties play in the functioning of the political system of the United States.
10. Identify constitutional provisions of the executive branch of the government of the United States.

59. The Selection of the Cabinet
The president selects cabinet members based on:
Background
Geographical balance
Interest group relations
Administrative skills
Minority characteristics

60. The Selection of the Cabinet
Members are usually college graduates and leaders in their field.
The Senate must confirm appointments.

61. The Role of the Cabinet
Members are the heads of executive departments.
The president determines the members’ roles.
Modern presidents rely less on the cabinet than their predecessors.
Some cabinet members form the president’s “inner cabinet” like the secretaries of state, defense, and treasury.

62. Secretary of the Treasury
Washington’s Cabinet
George Washington
President
Vice President
John Adams
Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
Attorney General
Edmund Randolph
Secretary of War
Henry Knox
Secretary of State
Thomas Jefferson

63. Factors Limiting the Cabinet’s Role
The president does not necessarily have their complete loyalty.
Members may disagree over presidential policies amongst themselves.
Secrecy among a large cabinet is difficult.
The president may not know the members personally.

64. Discussion Questions
Do you think the president should appoint to cabinet positions people he knows and trusts or relative strangers who have dspecialized expertise? Explain.

65. Project
Creating a “Who’s Who” Booklet Research the people who currently hold each executive branch position mentioned in this unit. Write a brief paragraph about each official, providing background information and major accomplishments while in office. Include a picture or a drawing of each person in their “Who’s Who” booklet. Share booklets with the class.

66. 8.4 The Executive Office Executive Office Agencies
The White House Office

67. Executive Office Agencies
The Executive Office of the President (EOP):
Was created in 1939.
Grown rapidly because
Presidents add new agencies to address new problems.
Presidents want experts nearby to advise them about complex issues.
Federal programs sometimes require coordination between different agencies.

68. Executive Office Agencies
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is the largest agency in the EOP.
It prepares the national budget that the president submits to Congress each year.

69. Executive Office Agencies
The National Security Council advises the president on military and foreign policy.
The Council of Economic Advisers helps the president develop economic policy.
National Security Council

70. The White House Office
The president appoints staff without Senate confirmation.
The White House Office is the most important office of the EOP.
The WHO staff members:
Gather information and provide advise
Ensure executive departments and agencies carry out the president’s policies.
Presents the president’s view to the outside world.
Deciding who and what information gets through to the president.

71. Test Tomorrow!