1. Ursula Sánchez Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática

2. Introduction The National Households Survey Closing the gap:Rural poverty and Hunger Poverty expressions in the rural areas Final remarks Structure

3. Introduction Rural poverty numbers Represents 63% of the world poverty 30% of the Peruvian population is rural, of those 74% are poor Extreme cases: Huancavelica were 9 of every 10 households live in poverty conditions

4. The National Households Survey Sample – 20,000 households 0 4,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 20,000 1997199819992000200120022003 UrbanRural 1995 First survey 1997 MECOVI Improved version 2003 Change in periodicity Monthly operation Interview average time : 3.5 hours SubjectscoveredSubjectscovered Education, health, employment, income and expenditure, access to social programs, etc.

5. 01020304050607080 % % 01020304050 Total Rural Urban 2001 2002 2003 Closing the gap… Poverty indicators: important differences between urban and rural areas Rural area: most vulnerable in Peru 55 24 54 24 52 21 77 51 50 74 43 78 42 10 42 10 40 9 Poverty Severe Poverty Poverty incidence

6. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 200120022003 % Rural caloric deficitUrban caloric deficit Closing the gap… Hunger levels are still high Important reduction over the last year for the rural areas HungerHunger

7. Closing the gap… Unsatisfied basic needs 32% 26% 42% 6% 17% 77% RuralUrban Severe PoorPoorNot poor Rural areas unsatisfied basic needs persists: little reduction in poverty measured with this indicator

8. 0 10 20 30 40 50 UrbanRural Households.... Closing the gap… Unsatisfied basic needs …with inadequate conditions …with overcrowded conditions ….without drainage..with kids who don´t attend school Important deficiencies persists in the rural areas…

9. Closing the gap… Poverty by altitude The Peruvian territory is divided by three natural regions, that form eight steps from the bases to the summits

10. Closing the gap… Poverty by altitude Estimates demonstrated a positive correlation between altitude and poverty levels AltitudePopulation Poverty incidence 20012002 Chala 0 - 500 mts23%47.3%48.0% Yunga 501 - 2300 mts13%59.6%59.2% Quechua 2301 - 3500 mts15%72.4%67.9% Suni, Puna, Janca 3501 - >4800 mts12%79.8%78.0% Rupa 400 - 1000 mts4%71.8%69.5% Omagua 80 - 400 mts7%68.5%65.8% Metropolitan Lima26%31.9%34.7%

11. Poverty expressions…. Some indicators give us an idea of the precarious conditions of the rural areas: Most vulnerables: Children 12% of the children under 5 had inadequate weight 60 of every 1000 children born alive die before reaching 1 year Only 20% of the children finish primary school on time

12. Final remarks High poverty rates persists in rural areas Over the last decades: socioeconomic policies increased the differences Last few years: Poverty focalization 2001 2003 Poverty rates Economic growth: 8.8% 78.4% 42.0% 73.6% 40.3% Rural Urban - 4.8 - 1.7 64.0% 31.9% 58.9% 34.7% Provinces Lima - 5.1 +2.8

13. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática Ursula Sánchez Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática