1. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 Traceability Systems Marco Frederiksen M.Sc., Ph.D. Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Department of Seafood Research

2. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 2/32 Introduction Why is traceability important Test of a complete system in practice Future systems and possibilities

3. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 3/32 Why is traceability important? 20. March 1996 UK Authorities show connection between BSE and Jacob Creutzfeldt disease A few days later: All UK beef export banned. EU regulation 820/97 demands on traceability for beef

4. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 4/32 31. May 1999 dioxin scandal in Belgium 10. June. 1999: Beef, pork, poultry, egg and milk produced in Belgium after 14. January 1999 cannot be sold, unless it is documented that the product is not dangerous

5. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 5/32 Possible economic advantages of traceability Improved management of stock in all links Reduced extra purchase to secure delivery Increase market shares/product value if information is used actively towards customers (story telling)

6. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 6/32 Possible economic advantages of traceability Insurance. Just one incidence can hit the whole sector Optimisation of the whole production chain More confidence, more and improved cooperation, less raw material inspection.

7. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 7/32 Traceability definitions Traceability is the ability to trace the history, application or location of that which is under consideration When related to a product: The origin of materials and parts, The processing history and The distribution and location of the product after delivery (ISO 9000:2000, Point 3.5.4)

8. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 8/32 Traceability definitions EU definition Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council Article 3: ’traceability’ means the ability to trace and follow a food, feed, food-producing animal or substance intended to be, or expected to be incorporated into a food or feed, through all stages of production, processing and distribution

9. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 9/32 Traceability definitions Traceability the ability to trace A specific product should be able to be identified and linked to the related records

10. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 10/32 Vessels Auction Wholesaler/ Producer TransportRetailerConsumer Breeder/ Hatchery/ Fish farm Wholesaler/ Producer TransportRetailerConsumer Feed/ Medicine The supply chain from catch/farm to consumer: The ”captured fish chain”and the ”farmed fish chain” Information flow Product flow

11. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 11/32 Traceable unit The traceable unit must be defined The traceable unit is the same as the batch, lot or trade unit The single unit must be uniquely identifiable and be linked to the relevant records

12. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 12/32 A traceable unit can be one fish eg. one tuna It can be a one catch, one days catch or one weeks catch It is up to the industry to define it… Today - many operates with one day of production or one shift of production (e.g. a new Danish slaughter house approx. 14000 pigs a day within the same batch!)

13. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 13/32 Large batches: Low costs – high economic loss if recalled! Information maybe not useful for anything Small batches: Higher costs – little economic loss if recalled Information useful for chain management Possibility to “sell” the information

14. Quality assurance Enterprise Resource Planning Marketing / Utilization of information Chain Management Competitive advantage Building loyalty Integration of information- systems -unique ID -transformations -data carriers -number series Feedback Loops Avoid re- punching Optimal Production Traceability in the seafood business: GS1 (EAN/UCC) standard for barcodes Traceability of fish guideline TraceFish standard EPC Global Supply chain management, Lean etc. Traceability Legislation Certification (BRC, IFS, ISO 22000...) Food safety Traceability Requirements Market access Trace/track contamination Enable recall/ Withdrawal Trace back Labeling Laws 18/19 Sec. 306 HACCP,GMP Common Food Law 178/2002 Bio T. Act, COOL “Costs” Possible “profit” Story telling Industrial statistics Multivariate methods Provide: Vessel name Catch area Catch date etc. Modified from Petter Olsen NIFA, 2005

15. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 15/32 Paper based Traceability systems All traceability operations are manual Low investment High operation costs (if labour is expensive) High possibility for human errors

16. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 16/32 Schemes for registration (simplified example) Sales record Process records Vessels Auction Wholesaler/ Producer TransportRetailerConsumer Auction Sales record Receipt Sales record Intake record Proces record Delivery note Intake record Vessel logbook Auction Intake record

17. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 17/32 Cold store record Sales record Bulk pack- aging record Example at a producer Sales record Process records Wholesaler/ Producer Intake record Blast freezer Filleting record Dispatch record Purchase record Daily Quality Record Sheet Raw Material Intake record

18. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 18/32 Raw Material Intake record INTAKE TICKET Date: 24/09/2003 Batch number: 01

19. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 19/32 Daily Quality Record Sheet Batch ID Label Date: 24/09/2003 Batch code: 01

20. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 20/32 Cold store record Sales record Bulk pack- aging record Sales record Process records Wholesaler/ Producer Intake record Blast freezer Filleting record Dispatch record Purchase record Daily Quality Record Sheet Raw Material Intake record All records linked by batch identification codes

21. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 21/32 Labelling: What is chosen as unique identifier? (batch identification) Handwritten notes and/or coloured notes Day label with colours Combination of date/time/name or Unique batch/lot number

22. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 22/32 Integrated quality assurance, Seapacking projects 1992 to 1997 Electronic traceability Developed Seapacking systems

23. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 23/32 An example of a box label

24. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 24/32 Seapacking status: Approx. 30 systems in daily use in DK Around seven five different brands of seapacking systems available Widely sold all over the world Costs are saved – “large” investment 15000EUR

25. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 25/32 Test and documentation of a traceability system in whole chain RetailerTransportWhole- saler AuctionCollectorVessel No size grading of fish onboard the fishing vessel The collector makes the size grading on shore and repack each fish box All information transferred using the Internet

26. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 26/32 Video of test in practise

27. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 27/32 It is possible to manage traceability in a fresh fish chain Time used around 17 sec per box in each link Less time on fishing vessel and in supermarket The time used for traceability can be neglected (100 boxes ½ hour for a whole fishing trip) Supermarket put all ready labels on product only scan Investment around 8000EUR per link in hardware Conclusion

28. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 28/32 Standard for electronic transfer The Tracefish standards Voluntary industry standards for electronic transformation of information www.tracefish.org

29. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 29/32 Label standards GS1 barcode system (Former EAN and UCC) www.GS1.org EAN-128EAN-13

30. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 30/32 Just examples: Electronic seapacking systems www.marel.com www.nesco.co.uk For aquaculture: www.akvasmart.com For all foods www.lyngsoesystems.com (Catellae,3500 McDonald’s restaurants) www.tracetracker.com, www.wicefish.org ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning: Internal traceability www.sap.com, microsoft dynamics (Navision) Electronic systems available today

31. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 31/32 250.000 Danish fish boxes will contain an electronic tag (RFID) within three years Unique number on each box, no paper labels – ”cheap” traceability General FOOD standards for electronic transfer is in development right now - www.trace.org Near future

32. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Danish Institute for Fisheries Research Traceability Systems. Estonia 8 December 2006 32/32 When traceability is established it is possible to use the information: Supply chain management (confidence and cooperation) Less raw material inspection Reduced stocks and purchase (inventory management) Reduced economic loss in case of a recall and improved brand protection Use information actively towards customers (story telling)