1. Integumentary System

2. Integumentary System Skin and its appendages
Hair
Nails
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
Integumentary means “covering”
3,000 square inches of surface area

3. Functions of the Skin
1. Covering 2. Regulate body temperature 3. Manufacture Vitamin D 4. Nerve receptors 5. Temporary storage 6. Screen-out ultraviolet radiation 7. Special absorptive properties

4. Structure of the Skin Epidermis Dermis Outermost covering Avascular
True skin
Connective tissue
Vascular

5. Structure of the Skin
© 2014 Cengage Learning.

6. Epidermal Cells
1. Keratinocytes 2. Merkel cells 3. Melanocytes 4. Langerhans cells

7. Epidermal Layers Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
(basement membrane)

8. Dermis Also called corium Thicker, inner layer of the skin
Many nerve receptors
Blood vessels and heat regulation

9. Subcutaneous Layer Also called hypodermal layer Lies under dermis
Not a true part of the integumentary system
Attaches integumentary system to the surface muscles underneath

10. Checkpoint Quiz #1 Name three functions of the skin
What are the two main layers of the skin? (what is the third layer that is not considered part of the integumentary system?)
What is one difference between the epidermis and the dermis?

11. Appendages - Hair Root shaft Outer cuticle layer Cortex Inner medulla
Hair follicle
Arrector pili muscle

12. Appendages - Hair
© 2014 Cengage Learning.

13. Appendages - Nails
Hard structures covering the dorsal surfaces of the last phalanges of the fingers and toes
Nail bed or matrix
Diseases and nail color

14. Appendages - Nails
© 2014 Cengage Learning.

15. Appendages - Sweat Glands
Also called sudoriferous glands
Perspiration is 99% water
Perspiration is excreted through pores
Under the control of the nervous system
500 ml water lost per day through the skin
Ceruminous or wax glands

16. Sebaceous Glands Secrete sebum which is thick, oily substance
Sebum lubricates the skin, keeping it soft and pliable

17. Microorganisms
Intact skin is the best way to protect against pathogens
Most skin bacteria are associated with hair follicles and sweat glands
Hand washing
Most effective action to prevent spread of disease
20 seconds for washing hands
2-4 minutes for infectious material

18. Aging Skin Becomes more fragile and dry Loss of elasticity
Less effective body temperature control
Melanocytes decrease
Physiological changes can impact self-worth

19. Checkpoint Quiz # 2 1. What is the role of the sebaceous glands?
2. Through what layer(s) of the skin do hair follicles reside?
3. What are two characteristics of aging skin?

20. Disorders of the Skin Acne vulgaris Athlete’s foot Dermatitis
Common and chronic disorder of sebaceous glands
Athlete’s foot
Contagious fungal infection
Dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin

21. Disorders of the Skin Eczema Impetigo Psoriasis
Acute or chronic, noncontagious inflammatory skin disease
Impetigo
Acute, inflammatory, and contagious skin disease
Psoriasis
Chronic inflammatory skin disease (reddish patches covered by silvery-white scales)

22. Disorders of the Skin Ringworm Urticaria (hives) Boils (carbuncles)
Highly contagious fungal infection
Urticaria (hives)
Intensely itching wheals or welts
Boils (carbuncles)
Painful, bacterial infection of the hair follicles or sebaceous glands

23. Disorders of the Skin Rosacea Herpes
Common inflammatory disorder (chronic redness and irritation to the face)
Herpes
Viral infection that is usually seen as a blister

24. Disorders of the Skin Genital herpes Shingles (herpes zoster)
Virus that may appear as a blister in the genital area
Shingles (herpes zoster)
Skin eruption due to a viral infection of the nerve ending

25. Disorders of the Hair and Nails
Head lice
Parasitic insects
Ingrown nails
Common nail problem

26. Disorders of the Hair and Nails
Fungal infections
Infections of the nail
Warts
Viral infections that affect the skin surrounding or underneath the nail

27. Skin Cancer Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma
Malignant melanoma
Skin and sun exposure

28. Burns Rule of nines First-degree burns Second-degree burns
Third-degree burns

29. Skin Lesions Pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcers) Stage I Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV

30. Checkpoint Quiz #3
1. Explain what the “rule of nines” is: 2. Pick two skin disorders (not any type of herpes) and explain what each one does to the skin. 3. Within the powerpoint the term “dorsal surface” was used, what does the term “dorsal” mean?