1. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Image: MODIS Land Group, NASA GSFC March 2000 Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Products to Support Management of Marine Resources Globally Presented by C. Mark Eakin Presented by C. Mark Eakin

2. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Requirement, Science, and Benefit Requirement/Objective (Ecosystems, Climate) –Develop tools for ecosystem forecasting to improve decision making –Improve understanding of response to climate change Science –How can we improve the application of satellite data and models to serve the need for climate information by coral reef resource managers? Benefit –Provide remotely-sensed information useful in the responses and planning by coral reef marine resource managers / policy makers, scientists, and the public 2

3. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Drivers to Research Why Coral Reefs? Value: –up to $675 billion annually in fish, seafood, tourism, and coastal protection worldwide –$17 billion in U.S. tourism –1 billion people rely on reef fish for food Mass Bleaching (100s of kms) –Caused by high temperatures Climate Change –One of NOAA’s top 3 reef threats –Only threat with global impact 3 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Symbiotic algaezooxanthellae

4. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Scientific Approach End-to-End Research to Applications –Apply accurate remotely-sensed physical variables in marine and coastal systems from STAR Science Teams Temperature Winds Irradiance Ocean Color –Develop coral-specific products –Tailor products to management and science needs through ongoing interactions with end-users –Train users in data access and application of products 4

5. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Operational Products Primary Products: AVHRR SST-based 5 Coral – specific http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov 50km Nighttime Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Operational 2002 SST Anomaly 2002 HotSpot2002 Degree Heating Week 2003 Bleaching Alert Areas 2009

6. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Experimental Forecasts SST Data: from satellites to forecast models 6 Operational Bleaching Alert Areas: From satellite-SST From satellite-SST Current conditions Current conditions 1-3 week advance notice of reef response 1-3 week advance notice of reef response Currently POES AVHRR SST Currently POES AVHRR SST http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Experimental Bleaching Outlook: From SST forecast From SST forecast 4-month outlook 4-month outlook Currently LIM model from ESRL, future NCEP CFS Currently LIM model from ESRL, future NCEP CFS

7. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Products in Development 7 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Light Stress Damage Ocean Acidification Coral Disease Risk High-Resolution SST Doldrum Winds

8. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Product Delivery Data Dissemination: Built to Serve User Needs 8 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov 8 Various Data Delivery Modes -Google Earth -HDF / CoastWatch Data Analysis Tool -Various image and data formats Redistribution by Regional Users

9. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Product Delivery Virtual Stations 9 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov 9

10. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Science for Management Outreach and Training 10 Six “Responding to Climate Change” workshops conducted, 120 scientists and managers trained: –Australia, American Samoa (2007) –Florida Keys, Hawaii (2008) –Guam, Bonaire (2009) Seven “Satellite Tools for Reef Managers” workshops conducted, 180 scientists and managers trained: –Mexico (2005, 2007) –Philippines (2005, 2006) –Zanzibar (2007) –Belize (2009) Trained over 120 coral reef scientists and manage

11. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Science for Management 11 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Local managers can: Reduce bleaching Reduce light stress Cool reefs, increase mixing Increase survival Improve water quality Reduce disease prevalence Aid recovery Plan protected areas for future bleaching

12. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch 12 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Partnerships World Bank/Global Environment Facility (WB/GEF) Australia: Australian Research Council (ARC), Australian Inst. of Marine Science (AIMS), Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority NGOs: The Nature Conservancy (TNC), World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Project Aware Federal Agencies: NASA, USGS US Universities: U South Florida, Texas A&M, U Puerto Rico, Cornell, U Guam, U Hawaii Foreign Universities: U Queensland, James Cook U, U Tasmania, U Exeter, UNAM (Mexico), U Waterloo, U Philippines

13. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Challenges and Path Forward Science challenges –Addressing new environmental parameters influencing coral reef management decisions –Providing higher-resolution products Next steps –Working with STAR Science Teams to transition new data to address coral reef management needs Transition Path –End-to-end approach from science teams to resource managers, path, extent of transition is product dependent 13

14. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch 14 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Backup Slides

15. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch Primary Products: SST-based 15 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Improved land mask –Operational land mask excludes 60% of world’s coral reefs –New land mask excludes only 6% Improved climatology –Based on 4-km Pathfinder SST –Improved performance compared to operational Now in testing phase Expected to become operational by FY11 Experimental Enhanced Coral Bleaching Product Suite OperationalEnhanced

16. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch Data Delivery: Virtual Stations 16 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov 16 =================================================================== ** [CRW Alert 20070711] Sombrero Reef: Bleaching Warning =================================================================== Satellite observations: 9 July 2007 - 11 July 2007 -- Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks : 0.5 Deg C-week -- Historical Maximum Degree Heating Weeks : 9.2 Deg C-week (2005) -- Coral bleaching HotSpot : 1.0 Deg C -- Sea surface temperature : 30.3 Deg C -- Maximum Monthly Mean SST at site : 29.3 Deg C Previous Three Alerts for Sombrero Reef: --06/25/2007 Bleaching Watch --10/07/2006 No Stress --09/11/2006 Bleaching Watch Reef site name: Sombrero Reef SST Pixel latitude: 25.0 SST Pixel longitude: -81.5 Current Status: Bleaching Warning =================================================================== Automatic Satellite Bleaching Alerts Currently available for 191 sites > 450 subscribers

17. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch 17 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Partnerships Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage Project Grant “New Tools for Managing Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change on the Southern Great Barrier Reef” (5 years, $1.2M) MOA between NOAA and University of Queensland NOAA is industry partner (contributes $140K/yr) Multiple Objectives –Investigating interactions of temperature, light, and hydrodynamics –High-resolution, three-dimensional model of coral bleaching –Great Barrier Reef high-resolution SST –Coral disease algorithm based on SST Partners: –Australian Institute of Marine Science –University of Queensland (Australia) –Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

18. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch 18 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Partnerships World Bank/GEF Coral Reef Targeted Research Program MOA between NOAA and Univ. of Queensland enabling five-year grant bringing funds into Coral Reef Watch to fund a contractor and international travel. Member of the remote sensing working group (Pete Mumby, Exeter, Chair) Many partners: –University of the Philippines –University of Queensland (Australia) –UNAM (Puerto Morelos, Mexico) –University of Waterloo (Canada) –University of Exeter (UK) Improving product delivery, new product development, and international capacity building for coral reef managers

19. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch New Products: SST-based 19 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov 1-km AVHRR SST for the Great Barrier Reef captured at Australia HRPT station Development of an experimental high- resolution (1 km) product suite for Great Barrier Reef region Caribbean Global –What is the optimal resolution? –Partners: NASA, U. South Florida, World Bank CRTR, U. Queensland, AIMS, Australian BoM, The Nature Conservancy, UNEP In Development: New Hi-Resolution SST

20. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch New Products: Doldrums from Satellite-Winds 20 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Recently enhanced doldrums product with improved algorithm 6-hourly NCDC Blended Sea Winds and climatology Evaluates persistence and intensity of low wind events Validated to coral bleaching events during low wind and low thermal stress In situ data, Puerto Morelos, Mexico, 2005 Severe bleaching observed Doldrums Product, Caribbean, 08/08/2005 Units=Doldrums Days

21. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch New Products: Light Stress Damage 21 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Launched a new experimental data product Combines POES SST and GOES insolation to pinpoint coral bleaching risk Algorithm based on coral physiology to improve bleaching and mortality risk Partners: World Bank CRTR, UNAM, U. Queensland, U. Exeter, University of Tasmania, Australian BoM

22. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch New Products: Coral Disease Risk 22 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov New experimental product to pinpoint risk of disease outbreaks Based on winter and summer SSTs that increase risk of certain coral diseases Currently available for the Great Barrier Reef and Hawaii Partners: James Cook U., AIMS, World Bank CRTR, Cornell U., U. Puerto Rico, UNAM, U. Guam, UH, NOAA

23. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch New Products: Ocean Acidification 23 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Partnership includes NOAA, USGS, NASA

24. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch Outreach and Training 24 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov Seven “Satellite Tools for Reef Managers” workshops conducted: –Mexico (2005, 2007) –Philippines (2005, 2006) –Zanzibar (2007) –Belize (2009) Trained over 180 coral reef scientists and managers on: –Remote sensing of sea surface temperature –How elevated temperature causes coral bleaching –Coral Reef Watch data products from NOAA satellites that pinpoint areas currently at risk for bleaching

25. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Coral Reef Watch 25 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov SST Time Week-0Week-12 Bleaching threshold (MMMSST+1ºC) Maximum Monthly Mean SST Climatology (MMMSST) HotSpots Degree Heating Weeks Σ ( HotSpot value × duration) 12 weeks ≥ 1°C ≥ 4 DHWs coral bleaching is expected ≥ 8 DHWs mass bleaching and mortality are expected bcad

26. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Impacts Outreach and Training 26 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov

27. Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Outcomes Publication, Solid Science 27 http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov