1. These sessions will introduce the basic natural processes, historical geographic ranges, and potential impacts of the natural hazards that are not as unique to the coastal zone. Session 9: Geological Natural Hazards (Source: USGS) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course Slide 9. 1, Lecture Outline

2. Introduction: Geological Hazards in the Coastal Zone Slide 9. 2, Introduction Coastal Hazards can be defined as natural hazards that occur within the coastal zone. The hazards discussed in Sessions 8 and 9 can happen in the coastal zone, but occur in other locations as well. The following geological natural hazards will be discussed in this session: Earthquakes Volcanoes Landslides Subsidence Dam Failures (Source:http:// www.es.ucsc.e du/~hyperwww/ subsidence.jpg) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course (Source:http://www.geosurv.gov.nf.ca/images/minjpg/volcano.jpg)

3. What is an Earthquake? Slide 9. 3, Earthquakes (Source: FEMA) Tectonic activity can result in motion and cracks on the earth’s surface along many coastlines Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course (Source: USGS) (Source: NASA) (Source: www. gpsinfo.ru/news/ 2003_1/images/earthquake.jpg ) (Source: USGS)

4. What is a Volcano? Slide 9. 4, Volcanoes (Source: USGS & NASA) Mount St. Helens before, during and after its May 18, 1980 Pelean-type eruption Volcanoes are often found in coastal areas Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course May 18, 1980 May 17, 1980 1983 Types of volcanic eruptions include: Icelandic Hawaiian Strombolian Vulcanian Vesuvian Pelean

5. What is a Landslide? Slide 9. 5, Landslides (Source: USGS) Landslides (also called Debris Flows) occur when masses of rock, earth, or debris move down a slope Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course (Source: http://www.she ehanpipeline.c om/images/lan dslide.jpg)

6. What is Subsidence? Slide 9. 6, Subsidence Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course (Source: http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/geosurvey/geo_fact/geo_f12.htm) (Source: www.mhhe.com) World view of subsidence in large cities The results of subsidence, mine collapse, and sink holes are similar

7. What is a Dam Failure? Slide 9. 7, Dam Failure (Source: http://simscience.org) Use the link provided above to watch a simulation of a dam failure. Dam failures are the result of structural weakening that causes the dam to crack, allow water to enter the structure and eventually break through to release the water stored behind it. http://simscience.org/cracks/movies/superman.mov Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course

8. Earthquake Disasters Slide 9. 8, Earthquake Disasters (Source: FEMA) (Source: http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist/pix49.html) Earthquakes can cause large amounts of fatalities and structural destruction. Over 60 people died in a single California earthquake in 1994. Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course

9. Volcano Disasters Slide 9. 9, Volcano Disasters (Source: USGS, http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Photo/Volcanoes/framework.html ) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course A volcano can destroy forests, property, infrastructure, and spread ash.

10. Landslide Disasters Slide 9. 10, Landslide Disasters (Source: USGS) Landslides cause $ 1-2 million in damages each year in the US Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course (Source: Time)

11. Subsidence Disasters Slide 9. 11, Subsidence Disasters (Source: http://www.sewerhis tory.org/images/mi/ mid/mid_spdwy01.jp g) Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course (Source: http://www.phill yblast.com/Alle ntown/sinkhole. htm) (Source: USGS ) Coastal zone subsidence will increase as coastal populations increase and groundwater aquifer supply decreases

12. Dam Failure Disasters Slide 9. 12, Dam Failure Disasters (Source: http://www.scvhistory.com/scvhistory/stfrancis.htm ) Before and after photographs of the St. Francis Dam Break of 1928. This event killed 470+ people due to the 180-foot high wall of water that rushed forward into the Santa Clarita Valley of California. Session 9: Geological Hazards Coastal Hazards Management Course