1. for Developing a Digitization Workflow Strategy 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 1

2. Workshop participants will understand the technology issues involved in converting, storing, and maintaining analog materials in digital format. 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 2

3.  Overview the 6 Stages of the Digitization Chain  In-depth discussion about each stage of the Digitization Chain  Review Issues involved in establishing a technology process in your digitization workflow  Group Exercise 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 3

4.  Be able to Identify the 6 stages of the Digitization Chain  Understand at least 3 elements of each stage of the Digitization Process  By the end of the session, be able to Assign appropriate IT, staff, and resources to your digitization workflow 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 4

5. 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 5 THE FULL DIGITIZATION CHAIN Benchmarking source document detail width height Scanning capture file formatting compression metadata creation quality control authentication quality benchmarks dimensions of document and its significant detail(s) other document attributes quality index formulas storage and backup scaling for access (derivatives) error detection and correction migration servers protocols authorization scalable architecture File Management Networking Display Printing reformatted document decompression integration with image browser magnification decompression page language interpretation dithering scaling

6.  Main factors are:  Color depth ▪ (1-bit) bitonal, (8-bit) or (16-bit) grayscale, or (24-bit) full color  Resolution ▪ Higher resolution = higher file size  Compression ▪ More compression = more lost information  Purpose or use of digital images ▪ Deciding whether you are digitizing for presentation or archival purposes 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 6 Benchmarking source document detail width height quality benchmarks dimensions of document and its significant detail(s) other document attributes quality index formulas

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8.  Scanners  Drum Scanner  35mm Slide Scanner  Flat-bed scanner  Digital Cameras 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 8 Scanning capture file formatting compression metadata creation quality control authentication High-end Howtek, Inc. Drum Scanner 35mm Nikon Slide scanner Epson Expression 10000XL Flat-bed scanner Canon EOS 30D Digital Camera

9.  Image Capture ▪ Scan paper-based materials up to 17.2” X 12.2” ▪ Scan transparencies & film-based materials using the Transparency Unit ▪ Connect via USB & Firewire ▪ Create scans up to 2400 Dpi Optical Resolution ▪ 1 YR Limited Warranty ▪ Scan using LaserSoft Imaging SilverFast Ai6 scanning software ▪ Calibrate scanning software using a MonacoEZcolor with Reflective IT8 Target 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 9

10. 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 10 Adobe Photoshop CS3 –Make image enhancements such as sharpening, cropping, deskewing, descreening, and despeckling. Other adjustments are made here including contrast stretching using the histogram tool and minimal adjustments for tone and color. –Save Master Image File as a TIFF with no compression. –Create and Save derivative Access files with minimal compression. »Save in a lower resolution »Save as file type JPEG

11.  Still Image*  GIF, JPEG, JPEG 2000, MrSID, TIFF, CAM RAW  Textual  PDF, XML, RTF, HTML, SGML, DOC 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 11

12.  You might use up to four file formats  Save Preservation-quality images as TIFF version 6.0 files  Save Access-quality images as JPEG or JPEG 2000 files  Save derivative document files as PDF’s and transcripts as.TXT files  Save Master text files as XML or RTF 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 12

13.  Issues involved in deciding which compression algorithm to use:  File size  Quality of display image  Fixed or multi-resolution capability 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 13

14.  Our recommendations are to use the following:  Lossless (LZW) compression for preservation- quality images  Lossy compression (JPEG) with a quality measurement of 6 on a scale of 1-10 for access- quality images 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 14

15.  Metadata Creation  Manual or Automated  Types of metadata  File naming schemes, file directory structuring, (TIFF) file headers  Administrative  Descriptive  Structural  Metadata Schemes & Element Sets  Dublin Core, TEI and METS 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 15

16. 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 16  Recommended file naming conventions  Administrative metadata spreadsheet  Dublin Core Metadata Element Set

17.  Factors involved in image quality  Strategy based on project goals  Reference point  Scope and methods of your quality review  QC environment  System performance  Codify your procedures 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 17

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19.  What is authentication?*  System of verifying the identities of networked users, clients, and servers without transmitting passwords over the internet. 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 19

20. 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 20 firewall

21.  Main features of a file storage/management system are:  Provides searching tools  Provides public and internal links to the images/metadata  Provides the control elements necessary for long-term and short-term access 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 21 storage and backup scaling for access (derivatives) error detection and correction migration File Management

22.  Main features of a file backup system are:  Provides protection from data loss or damage  Promotes sustainability for managing digital content over time  Part of a comprehensive digitization workflow strategy 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 22

23.  What to do:  Save digital images/metatada onto CD-R’s/DVD’s  Involve your IT people in decision-making process  Determine your storage needs during selection and planning process ▪ How many MB or GB storage will you need this year, next year, or in 5 years ▪ Who, What, When, How will you move digital images from scanning workstation in Library across network to backup server? 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 23

24.  CD-R’s/DVD’s can be used for storage  LOCKKS (Lots of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe) or Grid system 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 24

25.  Issues involved in scaling derivative files for access:  Speed delivery of digital images to users  Quality of presentation  Choice of file format 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 25

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27. 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 27 Where do errors occur in the digitization chain? Cataloging - Incorrect metadata input through manual entry Image Capture -Poor document quality at image capture -Text recognition errors

28.  CUL recommends a quality control strategy involving:  Scheduled equipment calibration  Periodic review of images/metadata  Controlled scanning environment 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 28

29.  Issues involved in File Migration:  Recognizing that digital imaging is not the final answer to your preservation needs  Digital images need to be migrated every (n) of years 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 29

30.  You need to decide at what level of frequency you will review your digital images for loss of data.  Use a checksum to determine the extent of data loss.

31.  File Folder management for your digital masters and derivatives 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 31 Collection name or Topic (i.e. ad_white or historical_photographs) Tiffs Jpegs Access image file (i.e. jpeg or gif as is displayed above) Preservation quality images and Access images (i.e. preservation folder and an access folder)

32.  Issues involved in networks  User’s internet connection speed  Delivery of digital images ▪ File formats ▪ Compression ▪ Scaling derivatives 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 32 servers protocols authorization scalable architecture Networking

33.  Project benchmarks for files types, compression, and scaling derivatives  Using CONTENTdm as our client/server content management solution  Images are uploaded via an Acquisition Station  Dublin Core, xml based  Integrates texts, images, audio, and video  Collaborative system  Extensible with customizable web interfaces  Custom Queries and Results (CQR)  My Favorites light box with online slide-show, compare, manipulate and save presentations for online or offline display 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 33

34.  Acquisition Station & CONTENTdm ▪ Must Download and Install Acquisition Station on Workstation ▪ Only 1 license per institution (but may request more under special circumstances) ▪ May request logins/passwords for multiple users 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 34

35.  Scalable architecture  Image displays  Number of files that can be served up  Intuitive content management interface 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 35

36.  Issues affecting display  Type of monitor (CRT vs LCD, SVGA, or XGA)  Refresh rate (75Hz, 85Hz, or higher)  Bit rate (18-bit for CRT’s, 24-bit for LCD’s, millions of colors for SXGA)  Monitor resolution is 72 dpi 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 36 Display decompression integration with image browser magnification

37.  Computer workstation features  Viewable size: 19”  Aspect ratio: horizontal dimension divided by vertical dimension – 5:4  Contrast ration: measurement in the difference between whitest white and darkest black – 500:1  Color depth: 16.2 Million colors  Refresh rate at max resolution: 75Hz 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 37

38.  Issues involved in image presentation using image browsers:  Limited raster file formats: GIF, JPEG, PNG  Need for specialized viewers, applets, or plug-ins  Network connection speed 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 38

39.  Recommended file formats:  JPEG  PDF 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 39

40.  Decompression  How will different printers interpret the image pixels (standard desktop printers or large graphic plotters)  Page language  PostScript 4.3 (Adobe)  HP  Epson  Windows PRN  Interpretation  Dithering -  Scaling  Remember, images should be significantly larger in dpi for print than for monitor display, but this produces larger file sizes. 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 40

41.  Each institution should supply a color printer 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 41

42.  Work with your IT department/work with your Library  Set up your equipment  Store your computer’s Ghost Image DVD in a safe location in case of a computer crash  Manage computer and file Security  Logins and passwords  Sample Workflow model from ASU 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 42

43.  Calibrating your equipment [PDF]*  Basic Production Steps  Creating Compound Objects  Master/Access Image Tables  Naming your Digital Files  Quality Assessment Survey & Guidelines  Administrative Metadata Spreadsheet [MS Excel]  Installing the Acquisition Station & Loading your First Image 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 43 *All files in Adobe PDF unless otherwise noted and located at: http://hbculibraries.org/html/programs.html http://hbculibraries.org/html/programs.html

44.  Developing your digitization workflow plan  Define project and institutional goals/deliverables  Under each bulleted item list available technological resources/capabilities/persons responsible ▪ Scanning ▪ File management ▪ Networking ▪ Image display and delivery 9/15/2015 Digital Imaging Workshop 44