1. Diagnosis and Management of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures by Alexander R. Vaccaro, David H. Kim, Darrel S. Brodke, Mitchel Harris, Jens Chapman, Thomas Schildhauer, M.L. Chip Routt, and Rick C. Sasso J Bone Joint Surg Am Volume 85(12):2456-2470 December 1, 2003 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

2. The Denis three-column model of spinal injury1. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

3. Lateral radiograph showing the characteristic wedge-shaped appearance of a thoracolumbar compression fracture with mild local kyphosis. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

4. Denis classification of thoracolumbar compression fractures (see text). Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

5. Denis classification of thoracolumbar burst fractures (see text). Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

6. Lateral radiograph showing the typical appearance of a thoracolumbar burst fracture. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

7. Computed tomography scan demonstrating retropulsion of posterior vertebral bone and spinal canal compromise. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

8. Postoperative lateral radiograph showing the posterior instrumentation used in this patient. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

9. Computed tomography scan with sagittal reconstruction showing a thoracolumbar flexion- distraction injury. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

10. Radiographs showing the typical appearance of a thoracolumbar fracture-dislocation. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

11. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

12. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

13. Magnetic resonance image of a patient with a thoracolumbar injury. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

14. Magnetic resonance image of a patient with a flexion-distraction injury, revealing gas in the posterior subcutaneous tissue overlying the level of the thoracolumbar injury. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

15. Sagittal magnetic resonance image of a patient with a T12 burst fracture and an incomplete neurological injury. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

16. Anteroposterior (Fig. 11-B) and lateral (Fig. 11-C) postoperative radiographs. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

17. Sagittal magnetic resonance image of patient with a complete neurological deficit following a substantial flexion-distraction injury. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.

18. Following posterior short-segment instrumentation, the fracture was stable and healed uneventfully. Alexander R. Vaccaro et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003;85:2456-2470 ©2003 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Inc.