1. Photo: © Matthew J. Roberts. Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud 17 April 2010. Flight with the Icelandic Coast Guards. http://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/2010/nr/1883 Takashi Y. Nakajima nkjm@yoyogi.ycc.u-tokai.ac.jp Observations of volcanic ash from space Photo: © Matthew J. Roberts. Eyjafjallajökull ash cloud 17 April 2010. Flight with the Icelandic Coast Guards. http://en.vedur.is/about-imo/news/2010/nr/1883 Observations of volcanic ash from space Takashi Y. Nakajima nkjm@yoyogi.ycc.u-tokai.ac.jp

2. ©JMA ©Wikipedia 108 Volcanoes in Japan (13 active) TOKYO NRT Mt Fuji 3,776 m 98 Airports in Japan (28 busy traffic) Tokyo Narita Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/kishou/intro/gyomu/index95zu.html Yochiren.pdf Preface: Airports and Volcanoes in Japan

3. Nikkei 4/19 Mainichi. ｊｐ 4/19 Yomiuri online 4/18 Nikkei web 4/20 News in April about Iceland eruption.

4. Contents (about 15 min. ) 1.Impacts of volcanic ash and role of satellite observations 2.Scientific concept for ash observations 3.Horizontal observations from CAI imager 4.Vertical observation from CALIPSO lidar 5.Future satellite missions in Japan 6.Summary

5. Impacts of volcanic ash and role of satellite observations Aviation impacts (= one of disasters) Quick response is needed Monitoring destination / broadening of volcanic ash Assists numerical simulation of ash transportation using satellite- view.  Qualitatively visualizations have high demand. Climate impacts (months to years) Year-to-decadal impact of eruption to climate. Monitoring the background aerosol (ash and other ) environment.  Quantitatively observations of the aerosol amount have high demand. Today’s talk

6. Scientific concept of ash observation from space Spectrum analysis Using multi-spectral, to detect ash plumes. Contamination Discrimination Some solutions – Japanese Imagers equip 0.38-µm (UV) channel. it distinguishes clouds and volcanic ash. Volcano Cloud Ash Latitude Longitude

7. Concept 1: More reflection by ash over dark background I. Sano (2010) Bright Dark

8. Example: biomass burning in Asia captured by Midori-2 Global Imager (GLI) GLI Ch.Wavelength Red130.678µm Green80.545µm Blue50.460µm GLI Ch.Wavelength Red130.678µm Green80.545µm Blue10.380µm Appeared in “Nature” Cyranosky, D. and I. Fuyuno,news in Nature, 434, pp128, (2005). Concept 2: Effective of 0.38-µm 2003/5/20

9. Channel specification of Wide-swath imagers in JAXA 0.38µm Channel Locations of Japanese Imagers 1980’ 1990’ 2000’ 2010’ has 0.38µm

10. Horizontal observation of Eyjafjallajokull eruption by GOSAT(Ibuki) CAI sensor CAI = Cloud and Aerosol Imager Polar orbit, swath = 1000km Spatial resolution = 500m

11. GOSAT CAI obs ： 2010/4/15 （ expand ） Ash plume and Clouds  distinguished

12. GOSAT CAI observation ： 2010/4/16 1000km

13. GOSAT CAI observation 2010/4/30 Kikuchi and Matsunaga (2010, NIES) Ash contaminated Clouds  detectable by CAI

14. Vertical Observations - NASA CALIPSO Lidar

15. NASA CALIPSO Lidar （ 2010/4/17 ） http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/PRODOCS/calipso 6km

16. Some future Earth observing satellite missions in Japan

17. EarthCARE by ESA/JAXA/NICT 17 An ESA’s Living Planet Programme Launch in 2013 Four sensors Cloud Radar (CPR) Lidar (ATLID) Imager (MSI) Broadband Radiometer (BBR) GCOM-C SGLI by JAXA Launch in 2014 An Global Change Observation Mission SGLI sensor 19 channels. from NUV-TIR. Incl. 0.38µm

18. Summary Horizontal observation  Satellite Imagers Satellite imagers are suitable for volcanic ash monitoring. GOSAT(Ibuki) CAI (2009~) discriminates ash and clouds by use of 0.38µm. UK government requests CAI observation images to Japan. We are doing. GCOM-C SGLI (2014 ~ ) also has 0.38µm. Vertical observation  Satellite and ground Lidar CALIPSO measures vertical structure of volcanic ash. EarthCARE (2013 ~ ) equips Lidar and Imager. International science community networks (Satellites, Ground stations) are useful.

19. Science projects for satellite aerosol observations in Japan Aerosol observations from space GOSAT CAI Science Team (NIES-JAXA-MOE) PI: Teruyuki Nakajima (U. Tokyo) EarthCARE Science Team (JAXA) PI: Teruyuki Nakajima (U. Tokyo) GCOM-C Atmosphere Science Team (JAXA) PI: Takashi Y. Nakajima (Tokai U.) SKYNET ground observation network. (Chiba-U, Tohoku-U). Collaborate with AERONET and EARLINET. PI: Tamio Takamura (Chiba U.) Tadahiro Hayasaka (Tohoku U.)

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