1. Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect Reviewing the OHS consequences of Separate Bundle Delivery (SBD)

2. Our team Andrea Shaw Philip Meyer Rwth Stuckey Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

3. Project purpose To review the OHS consequences of SBD Investigate the risks associated with a change to SBD from current delivery systems. Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

4. We examined: The delivery equipment designs and modifications proposed Work organisation issues Work environment issues Procedures and practices Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

5. Our method Step 1- Analyse material provided by CEPU Step 2- Examine the equipment and observe the trials Step 3- Consult with relevant CEPU members and Australia Post staff Step 4- Prepare a briefing on our preliminary findings Step 5- Prepare a project report Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

6. Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of the interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimise human well being and overall system performance. IEA

7. Survey of trial participants 49 interviews (46 men) Ave 8.94 years of service Ave 7.62 years on AP motorbike 39 (80%) full time 41 right-handed Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

8. Locations NSW –Seven Hills – 6 –Lakemba – 15 Queensland –Heathwood – 6 –Ashfield – 4 Victoria –Waverley – 12 –Seaford - 6 Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

9. Organisational environment Work environment Equipment PDO Eg motorbike, bag, helmet Eg roads, outdoors, DC Eg work systems, procedures External environment Eg industrial relations, OHS legislation, market position, business strategy

10. Bag Motorcycle Outdoor work Indoor work Work procedures Work systems – mail processing, sorting, delivery Industrial relations, OHS legislation, business strategy Equipment Environment Organisation

12. Organisational systems Payment system discourages breaks Payment system encourages haste and shortcuts Differential impact on DODOs and permanent employees Design process flawed Reliance on administrative controls Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

13. Work systems Data about Single Bundle Delivery? Missorts in sequenced mail –Not evident until on round Alternative methods for merging sequenced and residue mail? Change in timing of delivery –On the road at high risk times Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

14. Work procedures Throwing off large letters upside down –Adds to cognitive load in sorting and delivery (reading upside down) Dealing with missorts –Reduces service quality Longer outdoors, shorter indoors –0.77 longer outdoors, 1.12 shorter indoors Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

15. Reading upside down

16. MODAPTS for delivery Single bundle: 1 A4 and 1 DL letter = 5.340 seconds Separate bundle: 1 A4 and 1 DL letter = 8.011 seconds 50% increase in time when delivering both sequenced and residue mail Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

17. Workload assessment Mental demand: 3.21 Physical demand: 3.04 Hurried or rushed: 2.69 Success: 3.94 Hard work: 3.42 Frustration: 2.81 Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

18. Indoor work Unrealistic times for throwing off –Eg expectation that splitting round into two will not increase time needed for throwing off Timing of breaks does not allow for rest and nourishment Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

19. Outdoor work Increased time to deliver – increases exposure to environmental conditions MSD risks increased Limited opportunity for breaks No prescribed times for breaks Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

20. Bending

21. Twisting

22. Twisting and reaching

23. Reaching sideways

24. Reaching behind

25. Hand movements

26. Motorcycle Previous design problems exacerbated by SBD Bag obscures speedometer Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

28. Bag design Residue mail does not stay in order – return to DC for next day Mail more exposed to the elements (eg rain) More frequent replenishment from panniers Workplaces that treat people with dignity and respect

30. Bag Motorcycle Outdoor work Indoor work Work procedures Work systems – mail processing, sorting, delivery Industrial relations, OHS legislation, business strategy Equipment Environment Organisation