1. Geography
What is it?

2. Geography
“Geography is the science of place. Its vision is grand, its view panoramic. It sweeps the surface of the earth, charting the physical, organic and cultural terrain, their aerial differentiation, and their
ecological dynamics with
humankind. Its foremost tool
is the map.”
Leonard Krishtalka, Carnegie Museam of Natural
History, 20th Century AD

3. Which basically mean . . .
Geography helps us understand how people, places, and environments came to be
And how people, places, and environments affect each other

4. BASIC GEOGRAPHY
Geography is the study of the relationship between people and their physical environment .

5. “Geo” is also Latin for earth.
“Graphy” is Greek for graph or map.
So…Geography is also the mapping of the earth.

6. Why do we need to know that?
Explains how we got where we are
Explains what is going on around us
Let’s us make better choices
cultural mistakes
provide for sustainable development
improve current conflicts and avoid others

7. Academic Division of Geography
Physical Geography
Cultural Geography

8. Physical Geography
Natural features on the surface of the earth and the physical environment
Climate
Ecosystems – vegetation and animals
Landforms

9. Cultural Geography The study of people Beliefs Traditions Way of life
Economic activities
Government systems
Religion
Language
Gender roles

10. Physical/Cultural?

11. Physical/Cultural?

12. Physical/Cultural?

13. Physical/Cultural?

14. 5 Themes of Geography Location Place Region Movement
Human Environmental Interaction

15. Location Position on the earth’s surface.
Absolute: use of a network of horizontal and vertical lines on globes and maps to find exact points
Relative: The use of cardinal and intermediate directions in giving location

16. LOCATION Where are we? Absolute Location Relative Location
A latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location).
Paris France is 48o North Latitude and 2o East Longitude.
The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.
Relative Location
Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another.
Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block.

17. Location

18. Place Character of a place
Physical Characteristics: land, water, weather, soil, and plant and animal life.
Cultural Characteristics: anything that describes the people
DESCRIBE is the key word in place.

19. What is it like there, what kind of place is it?
Human Characteristics
What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs.
How many people live, work, and visit a place.
Physical Characteristics
Landforms (mountains, rivers, etc.), climate, vegitation, wildlife, soil, etc.

20. Place

21. Regions
Regions make the study of geography more manageable. The world is often divided into regions or areas based on physical or human characteristics
3 Types of Regions
Formal
Functional
perceptual

22. Formal Regions A region defined by a common characteristic
Examples: Texas, United States, Corn Belt

23. Functional Regions
A central point and the surrounding territory linked to it
Example: Houston

24. Perceptual Regions
A region defined by popular feeling rather than objective data
Example: Dirty South, Bible Belt

25. REGIONS How are Regions similar to and different from other places?
Formal Regions
Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities)
Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown).
Functional Regions
Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area).
Perceptual (Vernacular) Regions
Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the south, etc.)

26. Movement People, goods and ideas move between regions
The earth is constantly moving – water (oceans), landforms, wind, etc.

27. MOVEMENT How are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place?
Human Movement
Trucks, Trains, Planes
Information Movement
Phones, computer ( ), mail
Idea Movement
How do fads move from place to place?
TV, Radio, Magazines

28. Movement

29. Human/Environment Interaction
The interaction of humans with the environment. This interaction can have both good and bad outcomes. This is one of the most important factors in geography.

30. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
How do humans and the environment affect each other?
We depend on it.
People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation.
We modify it.
People modify our environment by
heating and cooling buildings for comfort.
We adapt to it.
We adapt to the environment by wearing
clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and
winter (coats), rain and shine.

31. Human Environment Interaction

32. The five themes ask these questions:
Location – Where is it?
Place – What is it like there? (both physical and human)
HE(I) – What is the relationship between people and their environment?
Movement – How are people and places connected?
Region – How is a place similar to and different from other places?

33. Remembering the 5 themes
If you can’t remember what they are just ask MR. HELP!!!
M – Movement
R – Regions
HE – Human Environment interaction
L – Location
P - Place

34.  Top Ten Coffee Growing Countries
What themes of geography do we see on this map
COFFEE
 Top Ten Coffee Growing Countries

35. Let’s Review What is geography? Why is it important?
What are the themes of geography?
What are examples of physical and cultural geography?