1. Wind Energy Presented by Jerad Naymick & Selvam Arjunan Fall 2006 http://www.tva.gov/news/files/buffmtn/turbines3.jpg Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin

2. Overview Technical backgroundTechnical background Small wind systemsSmall wind systems Potential in TexasPotential in Texas Large scale economicsLarge scale economics

3. How does a wind turbine function? Kinetic energy to mechanical energy Mechanical energy to electrical energy Wind http://www.solarnavigator.net/wind_turbines/turbine_drawing.jpg

4. Power from a Wind Turbine P = ½C p ρ AV 3 Where P = captured power C p = max power coefficient, generally 0.25 to 0.45 (Betz limit = 0.59) ρ = air density A = rotor swept area V = wind speed

5. http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/windpoweringamerica/pdfs/small_wind/small_wind_guide.pdf

6. Small Wind Electric Systems Is wind energy a practical solution?Is wind energy a practical solution? What power should the wind turbine produce?What power should the wind turbine produce? Which tower type is best?Which tower type is best? How much do wind turbines cost?How much do wind turbines cost? Is grid connection an option?Is grid connection an option? http://www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/windpoweringamerica/pdfs/small_wind/small_wind_guide.pdf

7. Wind Potential in Texas Improving technology will further increase the potential capacity! http://www.infinitepower.org/reswind.htm

8. Large Scale Economic Analysis Financing CostsFinancing Costs Opportunity CostsOpportunity Costs Operating CostsOperating Costs ExternalitiesExternalities http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/m/c/mcc171/dollar.jpg

9. Opportunity Costs 2% of time needed for maintenance2% of time needed for maintenance Inability to achieve Betz limitInability to achieve Betz limit http://www.energyadvocate.com/fw91.htm http://www.ftexploring.com/energy/wind-enrgy.html

10. Operating Costs Wind is free, where availableWind is free, where available Economies of scaleEconomies of scale http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:US_wind_power_map.png

11. Financing Costs Conventional energies are better off than renewable energiesConventional energies are better off than renewable energies Utility versus private developerUtility versus private developer Risk affects interest rate, and thus costRisk affects interest rate, and thus cost –Variability in wind –PTC renewals –REPI not guaranteed Industry lacks stabilityIndustry lacks stability Company Type UtilityPrivate Interest Rate7.5%9.5% Payment Period 20 years12 years Risk Management -DSCR Federal AidREPIPTC www.awea.org/pubs/documents/Outlook_2006.pdf

12. Externalities EnvironmentalEnvironmental –Zero emissions! –Minimal noise pollution –Bird fatalities No Hidden SubsidiesNo Hidden Subsidies –Medical –Military www.awea.org/pubs/documents/Outlook_2006.pdf

13. Questions? http://shiftingbaselines.org/blog/wind_turbines_300.jpg

14. References Comparitive Cost of wind and Other Energy Sources. Wind Energy Fact Sheet. American Wind Energy Association. 19 Nov. 2006.Comparitive Cost of wind and Other Energy Sources. Wind Energy Fact Sheet. American Wind Energy Association. 19 Nov. 2006. “Cost FAQ.” American Wind Energy Association. 19 Nov. 2006.“Cost FAQ.” American Wind Energy Association. 19 Nov. 2006. Economics of Wind Energy. Mar. 2002. American Wind Energy Association. 17 Nov. 2006.Economics of Wind Energy. Mar. 2002. American Wind Energy Association. 17 Nov. 2006. Economics of Wind Energy. Endless Energy Corporation. 19 Nov. 2006.Economics of Wind Energy. Endless Energy Corporation. 19 Nov. 2006. “Frequently Asked Questions.” Horizon Wind Energy for Landowners. 2005. 19 Nov. 2006.“Frequently Asked Questions.” Horizon Wind Energy for Landowners. 2005. 19 Nov. 2006. “How Does a Wind Turbine Work?” National Wind Technology Center. 19 Nov. 2006.“How Does a Wind Turbine Work?” National Wind Technology Center. 19 Nov. 2006. Small Wind Electric Systems. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. U.S. Department of Energy. 19 Nov. 2006.Small Wind Electric Systems. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. U.S. Department of Energy. 19 Nov. 2006. “Texas Wind Energy Development.” Wind Project Database. American Wind Energy Association. 16 Nov. 2006.“Texas Wind Energy Development.” Wind Project Database. American Wind Energy Association. 16 Nov. 2006. Texas Wind Energy Resources. Texas State Energy Conservation Office. 19 Nov. 2006.Texas Wind Energy Resources. Texas State Energy Conservation Office. 19 Nov. 2006. Variability of Wind Power and Other Renewables: Management Options and Strategies. 2005. American Wind Energy Association. June 2005. International Energy Association. 19 Nov. 2006.Variability of Wind Power and Other Renewables: Management Options and Strategies. 2005. American Wind Energy Association. June 2005. International Energy Association. 19 Nov. 2006. Wind Energy Applications Guide. American Wind Energy Association. 16 Nov. 2006.Wind Energy Applications Guide. American Wind Energy Association. 16 Nov. 2006. Wind Energy for Rural Economic Development. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 18 Nov. 2006.Wind Energy for Rural Economic Development. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 18 Nov. 2006. “Windmill Efficiency.” The Energy Advocate. 2001. 17 Nov. 2006.“Windmill Efficiency.” The Energy Advocate. 2001. 17 Nov. 2006. Wind Power Myths vs. Facts. American Wind Energy Association. 18 Nov. 2006.Wind Power Myths vs. Facts. American Wind Energy Association. 18 Nov. 2006. Wind Power Outlook 2006. American Wind Energy Association. 17 Nov. 2006.Wind Power Outlook 2006. American Wind Energy Association. 17 Nov. 2006. “Wind Turbines and the Energy in the Wind.” Energy Exploration. 2005. FT Exploring Science and Technology. 19 Nov. 2006.“Wind Turbines and the Energy in the Wind.” Energy Exploration. 2005. FT Exploring Science and Technology. 19 Nov. 2006.