1. Chapter 14
Risk Management

2. 14.1: Overview of Risk Management
GOALS
Identify the types of risks facing businesses
Describe ways that businesses can deal with risks

3. Ask Yourself: What are you risking if…
You don’t wear a seat belt when driving?
You don’t study for a test?
You skip work without calling your boss?

4. Identifying Risks Every day you face risk
Risk is the possibility of incurring (facing) a loss.
Can be a $$ loss, personal loss, emotional loss, property loss, etc.
Can have lasting effect (serious illness, fire, tornado)
Can be inconvenient but have little effect (late for an appointment, caught in traffic)
Even if you are careful, you cannot avoid all risks and losses
Our goal is to reduce as many as possible

5. Types of Risks Economic Risk: a risk that can result in financial loss
Personal Risk (can result in personal losses, such as health and personal well-being)
Property Risk (can lead to loss of personal property including money, vehicles, buildings)
Liability Risk (harm to other people or their property because of your actions)
Non-Economic Risk: may be inconvenient or embarrassing, but has no financial impact
EX: deciding to perform in the school talent show

6. Pure Risk: risk that presents the chance of loss but no opportunity for gain (ex: severe weather—heavy snowstorm causes a business to close and lose sales)
Speculative Risk: offers the chance to gain OR lose (ex: investing your money in a stock)

7. Controllable Risk: a risk you can reduce or eliminate by taking the right actions (ex: install a security system to prevent theft)
Uncontrollable Risk: nothing can be done to prevent these. (ex: sudden hail storm can dent up your car and cause you to get fixed)

8. Insurable Risk: when a large number of people face a risk and the costs of losses can be predicted (ex: auto insurance accident claims)
Uninsurable Risk: risk is uncommon and/or impossible to predict amount of the loss

9. Dealing with Risks
EX: suppose you and 9 friends each have a new set of golf clubs. Each set is worth $600. You decide to form an organization called Golf Club Owners Insurance Association (GCOIA). The purpose of your club is to reduce the RISK of a loss if someone’s clubs get stolen. To provide protection, each member agrees to split the cost of replacing any stolen clubs. Therefore, if your clubs are stolen, each person (including you) would pitch in $60 to replace. If you are not a member, you would have to pay the full $600 for new clubs.
What does this say about sharing in risks?
There are 4 ways to deal with risks

10. Avoid the Risk Use careful thought and planning
If you don’t have enough experience or confidence, don’t open your own business now
If there is snow in the forecast, don’t drive your car if possible
To avoid risks, decision-makers need to be aware of them
They must estimate the size of loss that could occur
If that loss is too much, they should decide to avoid the action
This ensures there will be no loss

11. Transfer the Risk
Sometimes an activity must occur even though there is a risk with serious consequences involved
If a business is not in a position to assume (take on) the risk, they TRANSFER it (someone else assumes it instead)
EX: a new company may not have the credit or the money to take on a risk in case it goes bad, so they transfer to another company with good credit a more money

12. Insure the Risk
A business can purchase insurance to protect itself and its employees from losses
EX: businesses purchase fire insurance
Business will pay small amount for insurance to save from the thousands to spend on replacing furniture/equipment in case of fire, theft, storm, etc.

13. Assume the Risk
Some companies decide if they suffer a loss, they will deal with the result
They believe they have enough $ to cover
They might think they don’t want to spend the extra $$ per month on insurance and just take the chance and hope nothing happens
EX: company catches a huge flu virus, there may not be enough employees available to run the office for a few days.

14. 14-1 Assessment
ANSWER QUESTIONS #1-4 IN TEXTBOOK. WRITE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

15. 14-2: Insurable Risks GOALS Recognize important insurance concepts
Describe several types of business insurance

16. Purchasing Insurance
Most people and businesses pay for insurance to avoid paying for large losses
They have the peace of mind knowing that even if there is an accident or injury, they will be able to recover without a scratch
You don’t have to pay for the costs of the loss

17. Insurance Basics
The company who provides the coverage for a person or business is called the insurer
They agree to take on the risks and pay for losses
The person or business who is being covered with insurance is the insured
The company writes up a insurance policy, which states the details of the coverage and what the insurer will pay in case of a loss
The person or company who buys the policy is the policyholder

18. More Insurance Basics
The amount the policyholder must pay each month for the coverage is a premium
A claim is a policyholder’s request for the insurance company to pay for a loss—a claim is filed

19. Insurance Companies
Insurance companies provide protection for policyholders and are also an investment company
The monthly premiums they collect each month from people help pay for claims that are filed
The premiums are invested and any extra money is profit for the insurance company
You can get insurance several ways
Buy insurance directly from a company
Provided by your employer when you work for them
Professional organizations may offer to members
Security companies purchase theft insurance to protect valuables

20. Insurance Companies
An insurance agent represents the company and sells insurance to people and businesses
Main part of an agent’s job is to help each customer choose the right insurance policy to suit their needs
2 basic types of agents:
Works for large company and sells policies only for that company
Independent agent who works for themselves and sells policies from many different companies at once

21. How Insurance Companies Work
When a loss occurs, policyholders contact their insurance to file a claim
The insurance company should promptly address the claim and get working on getting estimates for damages
The insurance company issues a check to the policyholder to cover the damages estimated
The policyholder deposits the check and fixes the damage

22. Insured Losses Violinists insure their fingers
Athletes insure their bodies
Businesses insure their building
Insurance most important to people is: auto, health, property and life
Liability Insurance: protects people from suing you for getting injured on your property

23. Business Insurance
There are 3 major insurance categories for businesses:
Personnel
Property
Operations

24. Insuring Personnel
Businesses offer several kinds of insurance to employees
The company pays for part, and the employee pays for part our of their paycheck
4 main kinds of insurance for personnel:
Health
Disability
Life

25. Health Insurance
Provides coverage for you to help with expensive doctor visits, procedures and hospital stays
When a large number of people are covered under the same policy it is called group insurance
The cost for each person is lower if more people sign up for the insurance coverage

26. Disability Insurance
Pays people who are not able to work because they are disabled or have a serious illness
You pay every month for this insurance and if this happens to you, you receive money each month
Workers compensation is an example of this. It pays for injuries that people get on the job

27. Life Insurance
Pays out money in the event someone dies that is insured
You pay for life insurance each month and if you die, a large sum of money gets paid to the person/people you choose (beneficiaries)
Usually family members
Business partners do this too in case one dies, the other can use the money to help the business get back on its feet

28. Property Insurance
Businesses by different insurance policies to protect their property
Commercial property insurance (covers properties that are lost or damaged because of fire, storms, theft or vandalism)
Vehicle Insurance (covers the cars/trucks/vans used for business if they are in an accident or damaged)

29. Insuring Business Operations
The actions of employees my result in accidents, injuries, property damage, etc.
The business can buy protection against these things called BUSINESS INTERRUPTION INSURANCE
If the business experiences a loss, it will get paid for expenses that occur if the business needs to be shut down for a while for repairs

30. 14-2 Assessment
ANSWER QUESTIONS #1-4 IN TEXTBOOK. WRITE ANSWERS ONLY

31. 14-3 Uninsurable Risks GOALS
Describe why some business risks are uninsurable
List the strategies a company can use to reduce the risks of doing business internationally

32. Types of Uninsurable Risks
Several circumstances can lead to business risks that can cost the company a lot of money
Economic conditions
Consumer demand
Competetors’ actions
Technology changes
Local factors
Business operations

33. Economic Conditions
A change in the economy can quickly change the sales and profits of a business
If a company does not cut down on their spending and production, it can experience real financial problems
Managers need to be prepared for this type of economy slow-down

34. Consumer Demands
Companies make products they think customers will want
They study the needs and wants of people
If customer tastes change, the company may end up with products they are unable to sell

35. Competitors’ Actions
If a competitor comes out with a new product, starts a new advertising campaign or has a big sale, a business will have to decide whether to match it or not
Making the wrong decision can result in a loss of sales
If a company is not prepared for this kind of competition, its profits can quickly decline

36. Technology Changes
If a company is not prepared to accept debit/credit cards it is taking the chance of losing customers
When customers can download music from web sites, video/music stores are affected
If a business doesn’t include new technology, it is risking losing customers and money

37. Local Factors Highways in front of restaurants might close
Electricity prices might go up
Laws of a community can influence the operations of a business
Some businesses decide to move locations where the community is more positive

38. Business Operations
Day-to-day operations of a business can have a major impact on its success or failure
Poorly run businesses will have higher costs, more employees quit and angry customers
Managers must be committed to the success of the business by keeping customers happy and keeping costs low

39. Managing Risks
Businesses need to enforce methods to gather information and spot possible problems
Managers need to be aware of changes in the economy, competitors and new technologies
Businesses should always inspect facilities and equipment to make sure they are running properly and safely
Businesses should also work to keep a positive image within their community

40. Risks in International Business
Would you will willing to ship a product to another country before receiving payment?
Would you agree to take another country’s currency instead of the U.S. Dollar?

41. Strategies for Reducing Risks Internationally
4 strategies to reduce international risks:
Carry out business in many countries rather than just 1 or 2
Offer a wide range of products
When you broaden your product line, if something else doesn’t sell, it won’t be the end of the world
Involve local business partners to help reduce social and political risks
Hire local managers to lower your global risks
Better if your manager is from your country and understand your culture rather than a foreigner

42. International Property Rights
In some South American Countries, local companies who are NOT connected with the NBA make their own NBA shirts
In China, street vendors illegally sell bootleg copies of popular movies, music videos and books
These are both examples of violations of property rights

43. Includes clothing designs, music, movies, books
Property Rights are the exclusive rights to have and use property and its profits
Intellectual property refers to knowledge you have about something or your own creative work
Includes clothing designs, music, movies, books
A patent is the right of an inventor to make, sell and use a product or process
A trademark is a distinct name, symbol, word or picture used to identify a company
A copyright protects the original work of authors, artists, inventors and publishers
Lasts their lifetime plus 70 years!

44. Most other countries have similar laws
Counterfeiting refers to illegal uses of property, patents, trademarks and copyrights
When someone uses another actual product (even if they change it a little bit) and tries to make a profit on it

45. 14-3 Assessment
ANSWER QUESTIONS #1-4 IN TEXTBOOK. WRITE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS