Welcome to the Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International Riding Instructor Workshop.

Welcome to the Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International Riding Instructor Workshop

Introduction & Objective of Workshop Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Introduction Disability Awareness Disability Awareness Teaching Techniques Teaching Techniques Lesson Planning Lesson Planning Mounting Dismounting Mounting Dismounting The Therapy Horse The Therapy Horse Equipment Equipment Volunteers Volunteers Horsemanship Skills Review Horsemanship Skills Review Certification Criteria Certification Criteria Brenna of Willowind Therapeutic Riding Bar Harbor Maine Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

People First Labels vs. Characteristics Cover image by Rodale VS Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Code of Ethics Incorrect in workshop manual. See PATH Intl. website for updated version Principle 1-The member respects the rights, dignity and well-being of all individuals (human and equine) and promotes well-being for all involved. Principle 1-The member respects the rights, dignity and well-being of all individuals (human and equine) and promotes well-being for all involved. Principle 2-The member accepts responsibility for the exercise of sound judgment and professional competence. Principle 2-The member accepts responsibility for the exercise of sound judgment and professional competence. Principle 3-The member shall respect the integrity and well-being of program equines and animals whether owned, leased or borrowed. Principle 3-The member shall respect the integrity and well-being of program equines and animals whether owned, leased or borrowed. Principle 4-The member shall be truthful and fair in representing him or herself and other members or centers. Principle 4-The member shall be truthful and fair in representing him or herself and other members or centers.

Code of Ethics cont. Incorrect in workshop manual. See PATH Intl. website for updated version Principle 5-The member shall seek to expand his/her knowledge base related to the field of equine- assisted activities and therapies. Principle 5-The member shall seek to expand his/her knowledge base related to the field of equine- assisted activities and therapies. Principle 6-The member shall honor all financial commitments to participants, personnel, vendors, donors, NARHA and others. Principle 6-The member shall honor all financial commitments to participants, personnel, vendors, donors, NARHA and others. Principle 7-The member shall abide by NARHA Standards and Guidelines and all state, local and federal laws. Principle 7-The member shall abide by NARHA Standards and Guidelines and all state, local and federal laws. Principle 8-The member supports NARHA in its efforts to protect participants, equines, the public and the profession from unethical, incompetent or illegal practice. Principle 8-The member supports NARHA in its efforts to protect participants, equines, the public and the profession from unethical, incompetent or illegal practice.

The Buck Stops Here Risk and Liability Risk and Liability (pg. 10) Proactive vs. Reactive Proactive vs. Reactive Paperwork Please Paperwork Please (pg. 11) PATH Intl. Standards PATH Intl. Standards Precautions and Contraindications Precautions and Contraindications Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Therapeutic Riding Program Model Sport EducationTherapy Recreation/ Leisure Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Role of the Instructor Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Qualities of the Instructor (p. 96) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Registered Instructor Criteria (p. 16) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

The Five Areas of PATH Intl. Registered Instructor Criteria Equine Management Equine Management Horsemanship Horsemanship Instruction Instruction Teaching Methodology Teaching Methodology Disabilities Disabilities Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

2010 Clarifications to Riding Criteria RH.3.1 Know and demonstrate a secure seat and correct alignment at all gaits RH.3.1 Know and demonstrate a secure seat and correct alignment at all gaits RH.4.4 Know and demonstrate control of the horse at all gaits RH.4.4 Know and demonstrate control of the horse at all gaits RH.6.2 Demonstrate bending horse through corners and on circles RH.6.2 Demonstrate bending horse through corners and on circles RH.6.3 Demonstrate half halt or check RH.6.3 Demonstrate half halt or check RH.8.6 Know how to lunge a horse RH.8.6 Know how to lunge a horse Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Posting diagonals Criteria Cont. Effective June 1, 2011 all certifications candidates do need to demonstrate a proper posting diagonal for their riding pattern. This is one of the many listed, required criteria in the certification booklet. Posting on the correct diagonal for the PATH Intl. certification is defined below ("correct" diagonal in this case refers to the "outside" diagonal based on the direction of travel in the arena): The PATH Intl. Registered Instructor Criteria requires that all candidates demonstrate posting on the correct diagonal during the riding pattern. Posting on the correct diagonal refers to posting in rhythm, at the trot, in unison with the diagonal pair of legs indicated by the horse's inside hind leg and outside front leg. When the rider changes direction it is expected that the rider will change the posting diagonal to continue to be in unison with the horse's inside hind leg and outside front leg. Your body should rise out of the saddle when the outside front leg and inside hind leg of the horse moves forward. The purpose of the demonstration of posting on the requested correct diagonal is to show the candidate’s knowledge of diagonals, the trotting rhythm and gait, and also how to conduct a change of the posting diagonal.

Horsemanship Skills Checklist In preparation for Registered Certification, a professional horseperson is to sign off on candidate’s knowledge and skill. In preparation for Registered Certification, a professional horseperson is to sign off on candidate’s knowledge and skill. Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Horsemanship Skills Checklist Horsemanship Skills Checklist To assist in preparation for Registered Certification, a professional horseperson is asked to sign off on your knowledge and skill in the following areas. To assist in preparation for Registered Certification, a professional horseperson is asked to sign off on your knowledge and skill in the following areas. PATH Intl. STANDARDS PATH Intl. STANDARDS **(Candidate checks off this section only) **(Candidate checks off this section only) Demonstrates knowledge and implements PATH Intl. Standards and their interpretation for horse care and maintenance. (EQM Equestrian Management) Demonstrates knowledge and implements PATH Intl. Standards and their interpretation for horse care and maintenance. (EQM Equestrian Management) Demonstrates knowledge and implements PATH Intl. Standards and their interpretation regarding the use of safety equipment and adaptive equipment. (Facility and Activity Standards) Demonstrates knowledge and implements PATH Intl. Standards and their interpretation regarding the use of safety equipment and adaptive equipment. (Facility and Activity Standards) *(All topics below to be checked off by Equine Professional) *(All topics below to be checked off by Equine Professional) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

HORSE SENSES AND BEHAVIOR HORSE SENSES AND BEHAVIOR Demonstrates knowledge of the characteristics of the senses of the horse. Demonstrates knowledge of the characteristics of the senses of the horse. Demonstrates knowledge of the characteristics of horse behavior. Demonstrates knowledge of the characteristics of horse behavior. Demonstrates knowledge of how the senses of the horse and horse behavior affect the safety of the riding setting. Demonstrates knowledge of how the senses of the horse and horse behavior affect the safety of the riding setting. Can identify stable vices including: cribbing, weaving, biting and kicking, wood chewing Can identify stable vices including: cribbing, weaving, biting and kicking, wood chewing Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

STABLE MANAGEMENT STABLE MANAGEMENT Horse Care (Daily) Horse Care (Daily) Horse Safety Horse Safety Feeding Feeding Breeds/Type Breeds/Type Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Posture and Alignment Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Posture and Alignment (p. 24) Posture is habitual Posture is habitual Static vs. dynamic or still vs. moving Static vs. dynamic or still vs. moving Correct Posture Correct Posture Ear to shoulder to hip to heel Ear to shoulder to hip to heel Pelvis neutral – not anterior or posterior Pelvis neutral – not anterior or posterior Symmetrical – even weight distribution Symmetrical – even weight distribution Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

What Affects Posture and Alignment? Equipment Equipment Saddle fit Saddle fit Horse’s conformation and movement Horse’s conformation and movement Rider’s conformation and poor posture Rider’s conformation and poor posture Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

How Does the Rider Maintain Posture? Maintain posture with balance reactions Maintain posture with balance reactions equilibrium response equilibrium response keeping head upright and keeping head upright and using different muscles constantly to keep body aligned. using different muscles constantly to keep body aligned. Soft eyes, horizon eyes Soft eyes, horizon eyes Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

How to improve posture? Look at rider from side and from back Look at rider from side and from back Develop an eye for correct riding posture Develop an eye for correct riding posture Cultivate techniques to improve riding posture (imagery, concrete exercises) Cultivate techniques to improve riding posture (imagery, concrete exercises) Understand normal posture before working with posture of person with disability Understand normal posture before working with posture of person with disability To correct posture work proximal to distal To correct posture work proximal to distal Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Self-Study Photos Workshop participants evaluate posture and alignment of photos presented Workshop participants evaluate posture and alignment of photos presented Critique and determine strategies for improvement Critique and determine strategies for improvement Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Riding Videos Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Sample Riding Demonstration Videos Pass Fail Borderline Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

@ Walk @ Trot/Jog @ Canter/LopeDuring transitions TotalComments 1) Warm-up 2) Posture & Alignment 3) Light contact/control 4) Straightness of horse 5) Effective natural aids (i.e.: hand, seat, leg) 6) Bending through corners and on circles 7) Following seat & hand 8) Smooth transitions ---- 9) Diagonals/leads ---- 10) Halt ---- 11) Backing ---- 12) Dismount ---- 13) Did they demonstrate all required components of the pattern? _____ Yes _____ No If no, please comment:_________________________________________________________________________ 14)Would you be comfortable requesting the sitting trot without stirrups? _____ Yes _____ No Riders must accomplish a minimum score of 95 to pass plus a “yes” for completion of all required components. An average rider at this level (all 3’s) would score 108; a below average rider (all 2’s) would score 72. Registered Instructor Riding Video Evaluation Form-Pg 130 Based on the Registered Instructor Horsemanship Criteria, score this rider from 0 to 4 in the following areas: 0 - Not demonstrated 1 - Insufficient 2 - Below standard3 - Meets standard 4 - Exceeds standard

BREAK for LUNCH Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Lesson Plans/Class Structure Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Lesson Plan Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Lesson Plan/Format Teacher Preparation/Equipment Needed: Objective of Lesson: Lesson Content/Procedure: Warm-Up Explanation: What, Why, How, Where PracticeProgressionWrap-Up Summary and Evaluation: Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Goals & Objectives (p. 106) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Goals & Objectives Goals: Broad, general statements of projected achievement Objectives: Specific and student centered. What will the student learn In this lesson? Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Objectives Include: Action Verb: Indicates the action to be taken i.e. demonstrate, recite, show, name Action Verb: Indicates the action to be taken i.e. demonstrate, recite, show, name Task or Performance: What is accomplished Task or Performance: What is accomplished Measurement Device: Indicates how you know the task has been accomplished i.e. how many times, how often, when, where and how Measurement Device: Indicates how you know the task has been accomplished i.e. how many times, how often, when, where and how Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Objectives: Answer 3 Questions What Performance? What do you expect the individual to do? What Performance? What do you expect the individual to do? What Conditions? How? Under what circumstance will the learning occur? What Conditions? How? Under what circumstance will the learning occur? What Criteria? How much? Do you want total mastery 100% or 80%? What Criteria? How much? Do you want total mastery 100% or 80%? Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Sample Objectives 1. Rider will name twenty parts of the horse. 2. Rider will trot on the correct posting diagonal 4 out of 6 tries 3. Rider will canter a three loop serpentine with correct leads two times. Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

What’s, How's, and Why’s & Learning Styles (p. 113) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

What’s How’s and Why’s (pg. 113)  The content of teaching The explanations The explanations Imparting of knowledge Imparting of knowledge What separates a teacher from a “traffic cop” What separates a teacher from a “traffic cop” Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

TEACHING A RIDING SKILL A RIDING SKILL MUST BE TAUGHT BY THE CANDIDATE. Use your What, Hows and Whys! (Task Analysis) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

TEACHING A RIDING SKILL RIDING SKILL VS. ACTIVITY RIDING SKILL VS. ACTIVITY ACTIVITYRIDING SKILL(S) Walk/trot over poles Cloverleaf/barrel pattern Rings on poles Weaving cones Obstacle course Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Practice

Skill Progression (p. 107) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Skill Progression An example of a skill progression for a young child is: An example of a skill progression for a young child is: 1. Crawling 2. Standing 3. Cruising 4. Walking 5. Running 6. Jumping Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Skill Progression  Have REASONS for teaching the skills in the order that you choose  First things first!  teach a circle before weaving the cones or teach weaving the cones before the circle  There is no right or wrong  However, have a reason for the order in which you teach skills Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Considerations Choose skill specifically Choose skill specifically Build a solid foundation Build a solid foundation Progression Progression Include reasons Include reasons Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

LEVELS OF ASSISTANCE Physical Prompt Physical Prompt Gestural Prompt Gestural Prompt Verbal Prompt Verbal Prompt Independent Independent Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Layers of Support Elements of support progress Elements of support progressfrom more assistance to increased independence as rider progresses in skills. Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Layers of Support (cont.) Equipment Equipment Selection for Rider Selection for Rider Selection for Horse Selection for Horse Maintenance Maintenance Volunteers Volunteers Selection Selection Training Training Utilization During Class (levels of assistance) Utilization During Class (levels of assistance) Continuing Education Continuing Education Environment Environment Arena Size and Construction Arena Size and Construction Arena Location Arena Location Riding Surface Riding Surface Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Skill Progression Exercise (pg. 108) Exercise AExercise B Exercise AExercise B _Walk_pivot _turn on the forehand_diagonals _canter from walk_simple lead changes _two-point trot_serpentines _circle_lope _posting trot_figure 8 _canter from the trot_leads _sitting trot_flying lead changes _riding on contact_posting trot _halt_rein-back Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Write a Lesson Plan Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Lesson Plan Critiques Lesson Plan Critiques Review Lesson Plans Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

End of Day 1 Questions? Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Day 2 Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere. Welcome Back!

Teaching Techniques Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Class Control Maintain safe spacing Maintain safe spacing Central position is best to keep all riders in your view Central position is best to keep all riders in your view Rider moves to center hands-on correction Rider moves to center hands-on correction Check positions, stirrups, girth by having riders ride up center line or across diagonal Check positions, stirrups, girth by having riders ride up center line or across diagonal Skill Progression within the lesson Skill Progression within the lesson use Layers of Support to promote independence safely use Layers of Support to promote independence safely Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Effective Praise (pg. 118) Specify what the rider is doing well Specify what the rider is doing well Reinforce noteworthy effort or success Reinforce noteworthy effort or success Vary your praise words (not just “good job”) Vary your praise words (not just “good job”) Be honest - False praise can decrease self-respect Be honest - False praise can decrease self-respect Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Instructor or Traffic Cop? Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Teaching Techniques Review Lesson Format Lesson Format Preparation Explanation DemonstrationApplication CorrectionRepetition Progression Progression Within LessonHows & Whys Task Analysis Communication Skills  Communication Skills  Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere

Learning and Teaching Styles (p. 114) Auditory- prefer learning through words, sounds, and music Visual- prefer using pictures, images, and spatial understanding Kinesthetic-prefer to use body, hands, and sense of touch Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Auditory Learner: Learns through listening Uses phrases like: “that sounds familiar, that sounds right, tune in, hear what you are saying, music to my ears, clear to me” Uses phrases like: “that sounds familiar, that sounds right, tune in, hear what you are saying, music to my ears, clear to me” Use sound, rhyme, rhythm, music, vary voice tone and volume. Use sound, rhyme, rhythm, music, vary voice tone and volume. Have student talk through the activity. Ask questions, use student as coach, and/or partner work Have student talk through the activity. Ask questions, use student as coach, and/or partner work Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Visual Learner: Learns through seeing Says: “I remember your face, let’s draw/map this, I need to picture this, see how it works, see it from a different perspective” Says: “I remember your face, let’s draw/map this, I need to picture this, see how it works, see it from a different perspective” Use spatial orientation in arena, maps, charts, letters/orientation markers, mind maps, visualization techniques, use of self/demonstration Use spatial orientation in arena, maps, charts, letters/orientation markers, mind maps, visualization techniques, use of self/demonstration Keep a white board handy! Keep a white board handy! Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Kinesthetic Learner: Learns through moving, doing, touching Says: “Getting a feel of this, doesn’t sit right, good/bad feelings about this, my gut tells me, need to get a grip of this, etc.” Says: “Getting a feel of this, doesn’t sit right, good/bad feelings about this, my gut tells me, need to get a grip of this, etc.” Identifies sensations of the activity Identifies sensations of the activity Benefits from visuals of a map, but have student draw or trace Benefits from visuals of a map, but have student draw or trace Students like to manipulate objects when explaining activity/game/skill Students like to manipulate objects when explaining activity/game/skill Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Disability Terms and Classifications Copyright 2008. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Common Terms Impairment: A loss or abnormality of function; either physical, cognitive, psycho/social, or anatomical. Impairment: A loss or abnormality of function; either physical, cognitive, psycho/social, or anatomical. Disability: A restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or way considered normal function. Disability: A restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or way considered normal function. Handicap: A disadvantage that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal. Handicap: A disadvantage that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal. Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere..

Classifications (p. 62) Congenital vs. Acquired Congenital vs. Acquired Progressive vs. Non- Progressive Progressive vs. Non- Progressive Pre-Lingual vs. Post- Lingual Pre-Lingual vs. Post- Lingual Level of Function Mild Moderate Severe Profound Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Classifications Limb Involvement Limb Involvement Monoplegic Monoplegic Hemiplegic Hemiplegic Paraplegic Paraplegic Diplegic Diplegic Quadriplegic Quadriplegic Triplegic Triplegic Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Physical Disabilities Copyright 2008. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Physical Disabilities (p. 63) Primarily characterized by abnormalities in the following: Muscle Tone Muscle Tone Range of Motion (ROM) Range of Motion (ROM) Compromised Motor Function Compromised Motor Function Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Muscle Tone Muscle tone refers to the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle. Muscle tone refers to the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle. Describes how ready the muscle is to react Describes how ready the muscle is to react Can be asymmetrical Can be asymmetrical Can be different in Can be different in different areas of the body Can fluctuate Can fluctuate Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Muscle Tone HypotonicFlaccid Cannot Maintain posture HypertonicSpastic Difficulty releasing positionRigidity Low Normal High Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

What Affects Tone Weight Bearing Weight Bearing Rotation Rotation Quick Movements Quick Movements Excitement Excitement Stress Stress Horse’s Behavior & Movement Horse’s Behavior & Movement Instructor’s Voice & Body Language Instructor’s Voice & Body Language Ring Set Up & Activity Ring Set Up & Activity Others? Others? Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Primitive Reflexes Symmetrical Tonic Reflex Symmetrical Tonic Reflex Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex Positive Support Reflex Positive Support Reflex Equilibrium Reactions-Balance Equilibrium Reactions-Balance Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Physical Disabilities with Hypertonicity Spastic Cerebral Palsy (60-70%) Spastic Cerebral Palsy (60-70%) Traumatic/Acquired Brain Injury Traumatic/Acquired Brain Injury Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA/Stroke) Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA/Stroke) Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Cord Injury Spina Bifida Spina Bifida Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Physical Disabilities with Hypotonicity Ataxic, Athetoid or Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy Ataxic, Athetoid or Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy Traumatic/Acquired Brain Injury Traumatic/Acquired Brain Injury Down Syndrome Down Syndrome Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis Spinal Cord Injury Spinal Cord Injury Spina Bifida Spina Bifida Intellectual Deficiency (Mental Retardation) Intellectual Deficiency (Mental Retardation) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Range of Motion (ROM) Limited range of motion within a joint Limited range of motion within a joint Presentation: Presentation: inflammation or abnormality in bone mass or structure inflammation or abnormality in bone mass or structure Contractures where hypertonicity present Contractures where hypertonicity present Disabilities: Disabilities: ArthritisAmputationDwarfism ArthritisAmputationDwarfism Cerebral PalsyTraumatic Brain Injury Cerebral PalsyTraumatic Brain Injury CVA/StrokeArthrogryposis CVA/StrokeArthrogryposis Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Compromised Motor Function Decreased ability to perform motor activities Decreased ability to perform motor activities Progressive and/or disorders of the autoimmune system: Progressive and/or disorders of the autoimmune system: Cystic FibrosisMuscular Fibrosis Cystic FibrosisMuscular Fibrosis Muscular DystrophyMultiple Sclerosis Muscular DystrophyMultiple Sclerosis Guillain Bare SyndromeFriedrich’s Ataxia Guillain Bare SyndromeFriedrich’s Ataxia Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Hypertonicity Horse: narrow to medium, rhythmic gaits Horse: narrow to medium, rhythmic gaits Mount first (unless fatigue is an issue) Mount first (unless fatigue is an issue) Sidepull, hackamore or reins to halter Sidepull, hackamore or reins to halter Bareback pad with surcingle, close contact or English saddle Bareback pad with surcingle, close contact or English saddle Devonshire boots or rubber bands to hold feet in stirrups Devonshire boots or rubber bands to hold feet in stirrups Seat saver as needed Seat saver as needed May need longer warm-up May need longer warm-up Avoid forcing limbs into position Avoid forcing limbs into position Align pelvis to a neutral position first Align pelvis to a neutral position first Encourage correct head alignment arms/upper trunk. Encourage correct head alignment arms/upper trunk. Progress from straight lines with low impulsion to circles with more impulsion Progress from straight lines with low impulsion to circles with more impulsion Track away from weaker side Track away from weaker side Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Hypotonicity Medium to wide based horse with “trappy” (choppy) gaits Medium to wide based horse with “trappy” (choppy) gaits Saddle that offers support Saddle that offers support Devonshire boots or rubber bands Devonshire boots or rubber bands Stabilize flaccid limbs Stabilize flaccid limbs Stimulate weight shift/balancing reactions Stimulate weight shift/balancing reactions Use irregular rhythm/transitions to normalize tone Use irregular rhythm/transitions to normalize tone Move limbs against gravity in lesson activities Move limbs against gravity in lesson activities Be cautious of joint dislocation Be cautious of joint dislocation Seat saver to prevent skin irritations Seat saver to prevent skin irritations Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Additional Considerations Exacerbation of any disorder: Exacerbation of any disorder: Be aware of flare-ups Be aware of flare-ups Avoid extreme temperatures Avoid extreme temperatures Increase amount of exercise very slowly Increase amount of exercise very slowly Asymmetrical posture & alignment Asymmetrical posture & alignment Focus on progressive approximation Focus on progressive approximation Use task analysis to build toward success Use task analysis to build toward success Work proximal to distal Work proximal to distal Seizures Seizures Tonic-Clonic (Grand Mal) Absence (Petite Mal) Atonic (Drop Seizure) Other: partial, no loss of consciousness Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Physical and Cognitive Disabilities Video by Equest Dynamic Posture and Alignment Unmounted and Mounted Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Intake and Assessment (p. 80) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Considerations for Accepting a Rider Instructor’s Knowledge of the Disability Instructor’s Knowledge of the Disability Instructor’s Skill Level Instructor’s Skill Level Weight of Rider Weight of Rider Height of Rider Height of Rider Degree of Disability Degree of Disability Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Considerations for Accepting a Rider (cont’d) Precautions & Contraindications Precautions & Contraindications Suitable Horse Suitable Horse Suitable Equipment Suitable Equipment Team Member Skills Team Member Skills Number of Trained Volunteers Number of Trained Volunteers Scheduling Considerations Scheduling Considerations Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Recommendations Activity Type Activity Type Horse Type Horse Type Leader, # of Sidewalkers Leader, # of Sidewalkers Mount/Dismount Mount/Dismount Tack and Equipment Tack and Equipment Helmet Size Helmet Size Short-term Goals Short-term Goals Long-term Goals Long-term Goals Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Intake Assessment Components Profile, Medical History, Family Info Profile, Medical History, Family Info Assessment Procedure Assessment Procedure Social Skills Social Skills Cognition Cognition Oral Motor/Language Skills Oral Motor/Language Skills Sensorimotor Sensorimotor Range of Motion Range of Motion Strength Strength Tone Tone Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Additional Task Assessment Functional Mobility Functional Mobility Activities of Daily Living Status Activities of Daily Living Status Behavior Behavior Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

The Plan Rider’s Goals Rider’s Goals Family Goals Family Goals Rider Strengths Rider Strengths Rider Weaknesses Rider Weaknesses Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Task Analysis (p. 109) “Process of isolating, sequencing, and describing all of the essential components of a task” “Process of isolating, sequencing, and describing all of the essential components of a task” Howell, Kaplan, and O’Connell (1979) Howell, Kaplan, and O’Connell (1979) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Why Use Task Analysis? (pg. 109)  Remedial  To teach a new skill  Consistency for riders/volunteers Copyright 2008. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Task: Correct Way to Hold Reins Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Task: Correct Way to Hold Reins Identify Reins Identify Reins Extend arms and hands in front of body, palms down Extend arms and hands in front of body, palms down Lower hands to reins Lower hands to reins Grasp reins Grasp reins Put hands together Put hands together Turn thumbs up (separate slightly) Turn thumbs up (separate slightly) Raise hands slightly off horse’s neck Raise hands slightly off horse’s neck Raise head and straighten trunk Raise head and straighten trunk Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Task Analysis Group Exercise Group Exercise Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Tack and Equipment Practicum in Stable Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Volunteers Practicum in Arena Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Mount/Dismount Practicum in Arena Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Horse Considerations for Mount/Dismount Decrease stress to horse Decrease stress to horse Limit time spent in ramp/block area Limit time spent in ramp/block area Check tack prior to horse in ramp Check tack prior to horse in ramp Consider which will be first at block Consider which will be first at block Horse or rider/vols. Horse or rider/vols. Determining factors: facility set-up, training, other Determining factors: facility set-up, training, other Adjust stirrups away from ramp area Adjust stirrups away from ramp area Make sure horse is balanced/square Make sure horse is balanced/square Teach/assist riders to sit gently, avoid toe drag Teach/assist riders to sit gently, avoid toe drag Set up area to provide straight exit Set up area to provide straight exit Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere

End of Day 2 Questions? Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Day 3 Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere. Welcome Back!

Analyze the Following 5 Riders What’s going well: specific praise What’s going well: specific praise What is detrimental to the horse: How would you fix it and why? What is detrimental to the horse: How would you fix it and why? What aspects of these riders are deviating from the ideal: How to correct and why? What aspects of these riders are deviating from the ideal: How to correct and why? Equipment? Equipment? Volunteers? Volunteers? Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Cognitive Impairments Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Cognitive Impairments (p. 66) Discrepancy between chronological age and cognitive maturity Discrepancy between chronological age and cognitive maturity Low IQ scores Low IQ scores Learn best through use of all 3 Learning Styles – emphasize kinesthetic Learn best through use of all 3 Learning Styles – emphasize kinesthetic Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Disabilities where Cognitive Impairment may be seen: Developmental Delay Developmental Delay Intellectual Disability ( Formerly MR) Intellectual Disability ( Formerly MR) Fragile x Syndrome Fragile x Syndrome Down Syndrome Down Syndrome Autism Autism (Substance Abuse Disorder) formerly known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (Substance Abuse Disorder) formerly known as Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Acquired Brain Injury (ABI/TBI) Acquired Brain Injury (ABI/TBI) CVA/Stroke CVA/Stroke Cerebral Palsy (some cases) Cerebral Palsy (some cases) Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Cognitive Impairment Anxiety and Fear Anxiety and Fear Delayed Processing Delayed Processing Impaired Sense of Safety Impaired Sense of Safety Short Attention Span Short Attention Span Impaired Memory Impaired Memory Low Esteem Low Esteem Decreased Problem Solving Decreased Problem Solving Difficulty Sequencing Difficulty Sequencing

Repetition and consistency Repetition and consistency Visual cues Visual cues Notebook to track progress Notebook to track progress Movement & kinesthetic input Movement & kinesthetic input Mind mapping Mind mapping Include classifications Include classifications Music, rhymes, songs to recall words Music, rhymes, songs to recall words Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere. Impaired Memory - Dysnomia

Learning Disabilities (p. 68) Compromised ability of brain to: Compromised ability of brain to: Receive, process, analyze or store information Receive, process, analyze or store information IQ normal or high IQ normal or high Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Types of Learning Disabilities Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Dyslexia Dyslexia Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Learning Disabilities Distractibility Distractibility Impulsivity Impulsivity Compromised Receptive Language Compromised Receptive Language Compromised Expressive Language Compromised Expressive Language

Strategies for Learning Disabilities Difficulty with Change/Transitions Teach transition as skill Teach transition as skill Limit change until trust is established Limit change until trust is established Structured lesson with consistent plan Structured lesson with consistent plan Use music to ease transition Use music to ease transition Use schedules to help riders transition Use schedules to help riders transition Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Language Impairments (p. 70) Loss or impairment of speech Loss or impairment of speech Expressive Expressive Inability to understand speech Inability to understand speech Receptive Receptive Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Language Impairments Disabilities: Disabilities: Acquired Brain Injury (TBI) Acquired Brain Injury (TBI) CVA/Stroke CVA/Stroke Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy Autism Autism Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Language Impairments Non-Verbal Non-Verbal Augmentative communication Augmentative communication Develop mutually understandable cues Develop mutually understandable cues Clear, concise verbalization w/ visual demo Clear, concise verbalization w/ visual demo Parent/caregiver present to identify discomfort/frustration Parent/caregiver present to identify discomfort/frustration Train volunteers to assist communication Train volunteers to assist communication Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Language Impairments Impaired Speech Impaired Speech Maintain relaxed manner if difficult to understand Maintain relaxed manner if difficult to understand Encourage simple verbal responses Encourage simple verbal responses Listen with interest Listen with interest Plan for talk time Plan for talk time Model correct language Model correct language Expand vocabulary with horse terms Expand vocabulary with horse terms Provide writing tools Provide writing tools Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Language Impairments Perseveration Perseveration Redirect Redirect Appropriate expectations Appropriate expectations Set environment to prevent or reduce occurrence Set environment to prevent or reduce occurrence Set reasonable limits Set reasonable limits Delayed Processing Time Delayed Processing Time Speak clearly, look at rider Allow time to process/organize Provide vocabulary list of horse terminology Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Sensory Integration Dysfunction (p. 71) Inability of brain to process information from senses: Inability of brain to process information from senses: vision, touch, smell, hearing, taste vision, touch, smell, hearing, taste Vestibular – awareness of body position in relation to gravity thru inner ear Vestibular – awareness of body position in relation to gravity thru inner ear Proprioceptive – awareness of body in space thru muscles, bones, tendons Proprioceptive – awareness of body in space thru muscles, bones, tendons Tactile – info on pressure, movement, vibration, temp, pain thru skin/hair Tactile – info on pressure, movement, vibration, temp, pain thru skin/hair Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Sensory Integration Dysfunction Distinct diagnosis Distinct diagnosis Specific diagnostic criteria Specific diagnostic criteria Can be primary diagnosis or secondary Can be primary diagnosis or secondary Can be secondary to Can be secondary to Autism Autism PDD/NOS PDD/NOS Developmental delays Developmental delays Genetic anomalies Genetic anomalies In-utero drug exposure In-utero drug exposure Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Sensory Integration Dysfunction Hypersensitive to light touch Hypersensitive to light touch Avoid light touch – use deep pressure Avoid light touch – use deep pressure Adapt equipment – i.e. reins Adapt equipment – i.e. reins Gravitational insecurity Gravitational insecurity Take it slow Take it slow Tack – stirrups, supportive saddle Tack – stirrups, supportive saddle Horse – short, wide base Horse – short, wide base Avoid inverted head/backwards positions Avoid inverted head/backwards positions Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for SI Dysfuntion Impulsivity Impulsivity Supervise closely Supervise closely Teach to learning style – visual, kinesthetic cues Teach to learning style – visual, kinesthetic cues Decreased body awareness Decreased body awareness Horse with concussive gait Horse with concussive gait Stirrups Stirrups Vary horse movement and/or ground surface Vary horse movement and/or ground surface Difficulty with transitions Difficulty with transitions Prepare rider for planned activities Prepare rider for planned activities Schedule board with words or picture symbols Schedule board with words or picture symbols Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Behavioral/Social Issues Ask questions to work on language Ask questions to work on language Teach alternative behaviors Teach alternative behaviors Set clear goals and steps to achieve Set clear goals and steps to achieve Be consistent Be consistent Create positive tone Create positive tone Structured environment and class Structured environment and class Redirect behavior – engage student in riding skill Redirect behavior – engage student in riding skill Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Sensory Integration Dysfunction Easily distracted Easily distracted Self-stimming behaviors Self-stimming behaviors Auditory defensiveness Auditory defensiveness Decreased gross motor planning & coordination Decreased gross motor planning & coordination Poor visual/spatial processing Poor visual/spatial processing Difficulty processing auditory input Difficulty processing auditory input

Hearing Impairments (p. 73) Physical impairment causing hearing deficit Physical impairment causing hearing deficit For auditory processing difficulties, see Learning Disabilities strategies For auditory processing difficulties, see Learning Disabilities strategies May be secondary to other Dx i.e. May be secondary to other Dx i.e. Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy TBI TBI CVA CVA Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Hearing Impaired Assess Assess Type and degree of deficit Type and degree of deficit Congenital or acquired Congenital or acquired Static or progressive Static or progressive Rider’s communication – lip reading, signing, PEC Rider’s communication – lip reading, signing, PEC General Approach General Approach Stay centered in arena Stay centered in arena Give visual cues Give visual cues Establish communication system Establish communication system Consider interpreter Consider interpreter Monitor rider in barn environment Monitor rider in barn environment Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Communication Challenges Communication Challenges Establish sign for emergency procedures Establish sign for emergency procedures Train volunteers to assist Train volunteers to assist Visual demo by other riders Visual demo by other riders Monitor hearing aids for proper function Monitor hearing aids for proper function Avoid Frustration Avoid Frustration Establish means of 2-way communication Establish means of 2-way communication Assess balance involvement, other senses Assess balance involvement, other senses Use task analysis Use task analysis Use visuals: demo rider, arena mirror Use visuals: demo rider, arena mirror Speak slowly, distinctly -- Face rider Speak slowly, distinctly -- Face rider Inform riders/volunteers of HI student’s needs Inform riders/volunteers of HI student’s needs Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Hearing Impaired Balance and Rhythm Issues Balance and Rhythm Issues Determine level of vestibular involvement Determine level of vestibular involvement Horse: medium to wide, steady, distinct gaits Horse: medium to wide, steady, distinct gaits Tack: supportive, ie. Western saddle, deep seat dressage Tack: supportive, ie. Western saddle, deep seat dressage Emphasize “feel” of movement Emphasize “feel” of movement Exercises for awareness of center/even weight distribution Exercises for awareness of center/even weight distribution Volunteers as needed Volunteers as needed Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Hearing Impaired Fear Fear Acknowledge fear Acknowledge fear Volunteers for support as needed Volunteers for support as needed Challenge only to ability level Challenge only to ability level Rider set pace of advancement Rider set pace of advancement Social/behavioral issues Social/behavioral issues Establish clear expectations Establish clear expectations Be consistent Be consistent Structured environment and class Structured environment and class Rider may have difficulty expressing feelings Rider may have difficulty expressing feelings Rider may say “yes” when not understanding Rider may say “yes” when not understanding Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Vision Impairment (p. 75) Physical impairment Physical impairment Vision loss Vision loss Total blindness Total blindness For Vision Processing deficits – See Learning Disabilities strategies For Vision Processing deficits – See Learning Disabilities strategies May be secondary to other Dx i.e. May be secondary to other Dx i.e. Cerebral Palsy Cerebral Palsy TBI TBI CVA CVA Diabetes Diabetes Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Vision Impaired Assess Student Assess Student Limited visual field vs. blindness Limited visual field vs. blindness Determine extent of vision” Determine extent of vision” Congenital vs. acquired Congenital vs. acquired If “legally blind” – determine function If “legally blind” – determine function Limited Visual Field/Blind Limited Visual Field/Blind Map arena kinesthetically and written Map arena kinesthetically and written Determine size/contrast (of colors) for visuals Determine size/contrast (of colors) for visuals Practice emergency procedures Practice emergency procedures Horse: comfortable close to rail Horse: comfortable close to rail Challenge appropriately, encourage independence Challenge appropriately, encourage independence Volunteers as verbal/visual reference Volunteers as verbal/visual reference Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies for Vision Impaired Decreased Balance Decreased Balance Fine/Gross Motor delay Fine/Gross Motor delay Fear Fear Proprioceptive Input Proprioceptive Input Rhythm/feel Rhythm/feel

Emotional and Behavioral Impairments (p. 77) Inability to function (or behave) in a manner: Inability to function (or behave) in a manner: Acceptable to society Acceptable to society Appropriate for a particular setting Appropriate for a particular setting Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Emotional or Behavioral Impairment may be seen in: Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders Depressive Disorders Depressive Disorders Autism Autism Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders (OCD) Oppositional Defiant Disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder Personality Disorders Personality Disorders Psychosis Psychosis Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies Emotional/Behavioral Impairment Aggressive/Abusive Aggressive/Abusive Set Ground Rules Set Ground Rules Follow through with consequences Follow through with consequences Dismount immediately for intentional abuse Dismount immediately for intentional abuse Teach empathy for horse Teach empathy for horse Impulsivity Impulsivity Supervise closely Supervise closely Review safe procedures around horses Review safe procedures around horses Horse: tolerant, appropriate Horse: tolerant, appropriate Include “heavy” work Include “heavy” work Train volunteers appropriately Train volunteers appropriately Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Strategies Emotional/Behavioral Impairment Sexually Inappropriate Sexually Inappropriate Set Limits Set Limits Address behavior calmly, do not ignore Address behavior calmly, do not ignore Teach acceptable variation of behavior Teach acceptable variation of behavior Manipulative/Negative Attention-Seeking Manipulative/Negative Attention-Seeking Allow independent riding when possible so horse provides immediate cause-effect Allow independent riding when possible so horse provides immediate cause-effect Frustration/Low Self-Esteem Frustration/Low Self-Esteem Provide appropriate challenge Provide appropriate challenge Create Success Create Success Teach problem-solving techniques Teach problem-solving techniques Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Teaching Techniques for Improving Behavior Shaping Shaping Chaining Chaining Modeling Modeling Prompting Prompting Fading Fading Token Economy Token Economy Contract Contract Extinction Extinction Reinforcement Reinforcement Response Cost Response Cost Time Out Time Out Reprimand Reprimand Positive Practice Positive Practice Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. PATH Intl.®, PATH Intl. APPRECIATING THE POWER OF THE HORSE TO CHANGE LIVES®, EFMHA®, and the PATH Intl. logo are PATH Intl. trademarks and may not be used without PATH Intl.'s permission. Use of ® above indicates that the mark is registered in the U.S. and may be registered elsewhere.

Horse Movement and Analysis Horse Movement and Analysis Practicum in Arena Practicum in Arena

Role Play 1 Physical Disabilities Role Play 1 Physical Disabilities Practicum in Arena Practicum in Arena Taught by Faculty Taught by Faculty

Role Play 2 Riders with Cognitive Disabilities Role Play 2 Riders with Cognitive Disabilities Practicum in Arena Practicum in Arena

Role Play 3 Riders with Cognitive Disabilities Role Play 3 Riders with Cognitive Disabilities Practicum in Arena Practicum in Arena

Conclusion

Welcome to the Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International Riding Instructor Workshop.

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Welcome to the Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International Riding Instructor Workshop.

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Presentation on theme: "Welcome to the Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International Riding Instructor Workshop."— Presentation transcript:

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