1. IMSS005 Computer Science Seminar
Lecture 2
Writing a Literature Review
Writing a Research Proposal

2. Writing a Literature Review

3. Literature Review What is a literature review?
A summary of what has been published
In a book
In a paper
e.g., after studying a certain method
Write a simple summary about
The strength of the method
The weakness of the method
The applications of the method

4. Why literature review is necessary?
A thick book and/or many papers vs several pages
To understand all recent/related work and use that knowledge to propose your own solution to the problem at a later stage.

5. Format of a literature review
If it is written as a separate report,
The literature review includes
Title page
Acknowledgments (Optional)
Abstract
Table of contents
List of figures
List of tables
Main text
References
Appendices (Optional)

6. Format of a literature review
Main text
Introduction
A simple idea of what the methods are
Where are the methods applied?
Method discussion 1
Technical details
Method discussion 2 …
Conclusions
Pros
Cons

7. Writing a Research Proposal

8. Research Proposal
What is the difference of research proposal and literature review?
Literature review
can be an independent report
can be a part of research proposal
What is a research proposal?
A proposal of your new method
Methods/techniques
Applications
It includes the pros and cons (or comparisons) of other related methods

9. Format of a research proposal
A research proposal includes
Title page
Acknowledgments (Optional)
Abstract
Table of contents
List of figures
List of tables
Main text
References
Appendices (Optional)

10. Format of a research proposal
Main text
Introduction
Problem
Methodology/Approach
Expected Outcomes
Related work/ Literature Survey
Work Schedule

11. Format of a research proposal
Abstract
Viewed as a summary of the document
Can be used by the readers to understand the content of the document quickly
It is also used to determine the relevancy.

12. Format of a research proposal
Abstract
Two types of abstracts
Informative (used to condense the paper) – used in conference/journal publications, research proposal
State the objectives and scope of the investigation
Describe the methods employed
Summarize the results or proposed outcomes
Summarize the conclusions
Indicative (indicates the subjects dealt with in a document) – used in literature review

13. Format of a research proposal
Abstract
It should not be longer than half of a page.
If you do not know how to write -> start with a draft Abstract in Chinese.
Avoid using long sentences and you will find it easier to translate them into English. 

14. Format of a research proposal
Abstract
Read these sentences several times to see whether they are clearly expressed or not. Then translate them into English.
Make each sentence short and precise.
Again, read it several times. If possible, ask someone to read it and observe how much they understand.
Revise them if necessary.
Proof read your abstract several times for any errors and typos.
It is very ugly if you have mistakes in your abstract.

15. Format of a research proposal
Introduction
Remember, your reader may not be familiar with your area and it is your responsibility to guide him/her into your story.
Begin with introduction to terms and definitions related to your problem.
Start from easy ones and move on to more difficult concepts.
Consistent abbreviations and terms:
E.g., Workflow Management Systems (WfMS). You should not use WFMS or WMS or WfMs in later sections,....

16. Format of a research proposal
Introduction
Once you have introduced the background knowledge about the domain, you can start talking about your motivations. 
E.g., you might want to give a brief review about recent work and
argue that their approaches lack certain functionalities and therefore should be improved in certain ways.
Should be brief and only address recent work which is directly related to your research. Detail should be postponed to Literature review.

17. Format of a research proposal
Problem
After you have stated your motivations in Introduction Section, you are now ready to describe what is your Thesis problem.
It must be very precise and you can itemize each sub-problem. e.g.
How to improve reporting functions in workflow management systems based on audit trail data.
Remember, these are the problems you are planning to solve and you should only write them if you are happy with it.

18. Format of a research proposal
Methodology/Approach
You should describe how to solve the problems that you have stated in the previous section.
Note: General description only.
Technical details  literature review.
You can use different approaches for different problems.
E.g., case studies for identifying hidden problems,
or using simulation for testing the performance,....
itemize your approaches with respect to the problems defined in previous section.  

19. Format of a research proposal
Expected outcomes
One of the most important sections in your proposal.
It is also an agreement between you and the faculty.
A lot of students write what they are going to do in this section. No, it is wrong!.
You should state what you are going to produce after 12 months.
if you have an itemized list, then each item in the list should start with a Noun. e.g,
An novel algorithm for improving the performance of string matching.
A detail analysis of reporting functions in Workflow Management Systems.

20. Format of a research proposal
Literature Review
The related methods / techniques / algorithms are discussed.
Sometimes, similar problems (to your thesis problem) with solutions are also discussed.
All of them are [usually] from papers / books.
Discuss them in details one by one

21. Format of a research proposal
Pros and Cons
Then, you should pinpoint what is missing or the weakness of the algorithm with respect to the scope of the research defined in your proposal.
E.g. if your proposal is about new algorithms for string matching in HTML data.
In that case, you can argue that the algorithm for string matching is only good for ASCII text and not suitable for HTML data.

22. Format of a research proposal
Work schedule
You have one year duration to complete your thesis.
See sample Timeline.

23. Work Plan

24. Work Plan

25. WORK PLAN Part I: Data Modelling
Step 1: Build up an automotive engine performance model using Neural Networks based on the collected dataset.
Step 2: The output results from the model built will be verified on a chassis dynamometer.
Step 3: Fine-tune the performance model
Estimated period: 4 months

26. WORK PLAN Part II Parameters Optimization
Step 1: Apply GA to the performance model built
Step 2: The output results of the optimal parameters will be verified though dynamometer tests.
Step 3: Fine-tune the GA parameters for better results
Estimated period: 4 months

27. WORK PLAN Total period: 12 months Part III:
Preparation of conference & journal papers and thesis
Preparation for oral defense
Estimated period: 4 months
Total period: 12 months

28. Format of a research proposal
References
You have to prepare a list of references which are cited in your proposal. 
Next lecture.