1. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Using the New Agilent 81495A O/E with Infiniium Real-time Oscilloscopes

2. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Have Your Customers Asked for an Optical Front- end for the Infiniium Real-time Scopes? In Jan 2008, the DPT (PL3E) released a multi-mode version of the 81495A optical-to-electrical converter for the LMS (816xA/B) mainframes The 81495A has a reference receiver response with a modulation bandwidth of 9 GHz 81495A module8163B Lightwave Multi-meter

3. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X 81495A Frequency Response The linear transfer characteristics of the 81495A makes it a very suitable optical front-end for the real-time oscilloscopes.

4. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Basic Features of the 81495A Fiber input: Standard Multi-mode 62.5µm/125µm with Agilent universal adapter connector. –Will accept both single-mode and multi-mode inputs Wavelength: 750nm – 1650nm –Covers the main wavelengths: 850nm, 1310nm, 1550nm Bandwidth up to 9 GHz allows optical data-rate measurements from 622Mb/s to 12.5Gb/s (filtered). Make average power measurements on the LMS multi-meter.

5. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Two Types of Optical Measurement Needs Unfiltered: Customers who want to see the raw response of their optical transmissions Basically scientist and researchers The rise-time rule for required bandwidth applies to this kind of measurements –The bandwidth required to make these measurements depends on the rise-time –The 81495A has a Gaussian-like roll-off Unfiltered response of an 3.125Gbps optical signal

6. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Two Types of Optical Measurement Needs … continued Filtered: Customers who want to make industry standard optical measurements on their optical transmitters, basically for implementing data transmission designs. The measurement system response is intentionally reduced in bandwidth in a highly controlled fashion This provides for a consistent measurement method for characterizing optical transmitters In addition, a reduced bandwidth receiver will behave similarly to receivers typically used in a real-world transmission system. This controlled bandwidth reduction is achieved using a calibrated reference receiver

7. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Diagram Showing How Filtered Measurements are Made Optical-to-electrical converter Low-pass filter Optical signal The Infiniium real time oscilloscope has software filters to take the place of a hardware filter for the optical waveform which can then be used to make measurements on Unfiltered optical waveform

8. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Calibrated Reference Receiver A typical reference receiver follows a 4 th order Bessel-Thompson low-pass response -3dB bandwidth is set to 75% of the optical bit-rate –A reference receiver for a 2.5Gb/s system would have a bandwidth of 1.88 GHz Standards usually specify the upper and lower limits that the measurement system has to meet in order to be called a calibrated reference receiver. The figure above shows a sample frequency response plot of an HP83485A OC-48 measurement module.

9. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X How do we set up the Oscilloscope to make optical measurements? Optical measurements are typically made in units of power (watts) The most basic information that is needed is the optical-to-electrical conversion ratio, also known as conversion gain. This number specifies how much optical power is represented by the output voltage of the O/E. Different optical wave-lengths have different optical-to-electrical conversion ratios Table from the 81495A data sheet showing the conversion ratios at different wavelengths

10. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Configuring the Oscilloscope Open the Channel Setup dialog by clicking on the channel button indicated below. We are using channel 2 as an example. Click Here Then Click Here

11. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Probe Configuration Click on Configure Probing System, turn on External Scaling. Under External Scaling, change the Units to Watt, and then input the conversion gain as desired.

12. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Next: The Channel Setup Dialog will reflect the changes

13. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Channel Behavior Setup Because optical signals are DC-coupled – the signals are all seen to be offset above the ground reference. There is no negative optical power Adjusting the vertical Volts/div knob should expand the waveform about the ground reference Ground reference

14. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X To Turn on Low Pass Filters Because the source used in this example is a 3.125 Gbps signal, I will turn on a Low Pass Filter function on the oscilloscope. The Low Pass Filter Function on the oscilloscope is a 4 th order Bessel- Thompson filter, which is suitable for filtering optical signals.

15. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Settings of the Low Pass Filter 0.75 * 3.125 Gbps

16. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Screenshot after turning on Low Pass Filter function

17. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Screenshot after turning off the source channel, to only see the filtered data.

18. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Screenshot of eye diagram using the Serial Data Analysis CR Settings: 1st Order PLL, 1.875 MHz loop bandwidth (Data-rate/1667)

19. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Turning on color-graded display.

20. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Using Histogram to analyze the optical eye diagram The “Mode” is the peak of the Histogram. The “1” level is 3.210 mW

21. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Using Histogram to analyze eye diagram, continued. The “0” level is 347 uW. Rough calculation for ER or OMA can be done.

22. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Typical Optical Measurements Extinction Ratio (ER) with Dark Calibration Ratio of the energy (power) used to transmit a logic level ‘1’, to the energy used to transmit a logic level ‘0’. Dark calibration is the process of factoring out the power transmitted by the O/E when there is no light being transmitted. Typically, the optical input of the O/E is covered, and the optical power reading is stored. This reading is then subtracted from the measurements of the logic levels “1’ and ‘0’.

23. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Dark Calibration example Use the Vavg (Entire Display) measurement to measure the optical power when there is no input into the O/E. Averaging can be used to improve accuracy.

24. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Optical Measurements.. continued Optical Modulation Amplitude (OMA) OMA represents the separation between the logic ‘1’ and logic ‘0’ levels. The difference between these 2 levels describes the modulation power of the signal. The larger the modulation power, the easier it is for the system receiver to accurately determine the logic signal. OMA = Logic ‘1’ power level – Logic ‘0’ power level

25. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X Demos at FOE 2008 (Japan) OFC 2008 and ECOC 2008 (BELGIUM) The demo on the left was displayed at FOE Japan (Jan 2008) The demo in the bottom picture was displayed at ECOC 2008 BELGIUM

26. Group/Presentation Title Agilent Restricted Month ##, 200X References 81495A Reference Receiver – http://www.agilent.com/find/refhttp://www.agilent.com/find/ref Data Sheet pub number: 5989-7536EN Agilent Application Note 1550-8, Measuring Extinction Ratio of Optical Transmitters, Pub number: 5966-4316E Agilent Application Note 1550-9, Improving the Accuracy of Optical Transceivers Extinction Ratio Measurements, Pub number: 5989-2602EN