1. GENERAL ULTRASONIC SYSTEM  TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT  ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS  RECEIVER CIRCUIT  MEASURING CIRCUIT  ANALYZER CIRCUIT  SIGNAL PROCESSOR  DISPLAY CIRCUIT

2. GENERAL ULTRASONIC SYSTEM TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

3.  Signal Generator  Pulse Generator  Modulator  Electronic Switch  Power Amplifier  High Voltage Power Supply TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

4. TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT (1) Pulse Generator High Voltage Power Supply Electronic Switch 100 V – 1500 V Start T 

5. TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT (2) 12 V Signal Generator Pulse Generator ModulatorPower Amplifier Start fofo 

6.  Transmitter Transducer  Electric  Acoustic  Loudspeaker TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

7. TRANSMITTER TRANSDUCER  Straight beam transducer  Angle beam transducer  Transmitter/Receiver (TR) transducer  Focused transducer  Immersion transducer

8. ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCER Wide-band Transducer Narrow-band Transducer

9. TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT Radiated Waves :  Longitudinal Wave  Transversal Wave  Rayleigh Wave

10. RADIATED WAVES  Longitudinal wave  Particle displacement parallel with wave direction  Transversal wave  Particle displacement perpendicular to wave direction  Rayleigh wave (surface wave)  Particle displacement in elliptic movement

11. TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT Received Waves :  Reflected Wave  Transmitted Wave  Refracted Wave  Diffracted Wave  Scattered Wave

12. RECEIVED WAVES Transmitted wave Reflected wave Incident wave Refracted wave Incident wave

13. RECEIVED WAVES Scattered wave Incident wave Diffracted wave T R2R2 Incident wave R1R1 R3R3

14.  Receiver Transducer  Acoustic  Electric  Microphone TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

15.  Pre-Amp  Low Pass Filter  High Pass Filter  Amplifier TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

16. RECEIVER CIRCUIT Pre-AmplifierLPFAmplifierHPF

17.  Peak Detector  Comparator  Monostable  Flip-Flop  Oscillator  Modulator  Counter TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

18. MEASURING CIRCUIT Time Analysis Monostable Frequency Analysis Amplitude Analysis Peak Detector Comparator Receiver Circuit

19. Start Stop Transmitted Signal Received Signal Reference Signal

20. Time Measurement Start Stop Oscillator Flip-FlopModulatorCounter Monostable 1 Monostable 2

21.  Time  Amplitude  Frequency TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

22.  A/D Converter  Microprocessor  Micro Controller TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

23.  Velocity  Atenuation  Frequency Contents TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

24.  Calibration curve  Neural network  Spectroscopy  Tomography TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

25.  Oscilloscope  Seven Segments  Computer Display  Liquid Crystal Detector TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

26. Materials :  Metals, Polymers, Ceramics  Concretes, Soils and Rocks  Woods, Rubbers, Pulps  Vegetables and Fruits  Liquids and Gas TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

27. Measured Variables :  Mechanical Properties  Physical Properties  Chemical Properties  Process Variables TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT RECEIVER CIRCUIT MEASURING CIRCUIT ANALYZER CIRCUIT SIGNAL PROCESSOR DISPLAY CIRCUIT T R OBJECT

28. MEASURED VARIABLES Mechanical Properties –Young Modulus –Shear Modulus –Poisson Ratio Chemical Properties –Glucose Concentration –Salt Concentration –Liquid Composition Physical Properties –Porosity –Compressive Strength –Firmness –Mass density –Viscosity Process Variables –Temperature –Pressure –Flow –Level