1. Agenda 1. Announcements 2. Bellringer 3. Review: Observations/Inference 4. Scientific Inquiry PPT 5. Scientific Inquiry Activity

2. Review: What are observations? Observing = using senses to gather information –Quantitative Observations Deal with numbers, amounts Example: 97 o F –Qualitative Observations Deal with descriptions Example: very warm

3. Observations Inferences

4. The things that make you go hmmm???? Picture it. Everyday you go for a walk around the lake. There are so many animals and plants. You often hear frogs croaking and hopping along the path. You and your family have been going there for years. Then suddenly you notice something unusual

5. A day at the lake!! Here is what you see!!

7. What is scientific inquiry? You see something happen, you ask why? You want to make something happen, you ask how? Science is a tool for answering why and how.

8. The Scientific Method involves a series of steps that are used to investigate a natural occurrence.

9. Problem/Question Observation/Research Formulate a Hypothesis Experiment Collect and Analyze Results Conclusion Communicate the Results

10. Steps of the Scientific Method Problem/Question 1. Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation.

11. Steps of the Scientific Method Observation/Research 2. Observation/Research: Make observations and research your topic of interest.

12. Observations Any information collected with the senses. Quantitative – measureable or countable »3 meters long Qualitative – describable, not measureable »red flowers

13. Do you remember the next step?

14. Topic: Scientific Inquiry (Hypotheses) EQ: What are the steps of scientific inquiry? (ISN 21)

15. Steps of the Scientific Method Formulate a Hypothesis 3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem or question. : If _______, then _____ statements

16. Example of a Hypothesis 1.If I leave home 10 minutes early, then I will get to school on time. 2.If I study for 2 hours per week, then I will do better in science class.

17. What is a hypothesis? A tentative explanation that can be tested and is based on observation or scientific knowledge Used to investigate a scientific question

18. Hypotheses If your hypothesis is not proven correct then you simply have answered your question. The next step is to begin the process again.

19. Hypotheses As new observations are collected original thoughts can change. Science is constantly changing.

20. Summarizing Activity A. On (ISN pg 20) copy this table exactly as you see it on the next screen

21. Steps of the Scientific Method Experiment 4. Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure. Include a detailed materials list. The outcome must be measurable (quantifiable).

22. Not so fast!! Before you begin the experiment, there are certain things we have to look for These are called There are two types of variables A. Test/Independent variable-the thing you will change B. Outcome/Dependent variable:-what you observed happened. C. Controls- the group you will compare to variables

23. Test/Independent variables are… What is being tested What is being changed The ‘cause’ of a change

24. Outcome/ Dependent variables are… What is observed What is measured The ‘effect’ caused by the independent variable

25. Steps of the Scientific Method Collect and Analyze Results 5. Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed. Confirm the results by retesting. Include tables, graphs, and photographs.

26. Steps of the Scientific Method Conclusion 6. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure.

27. Steps of the Scientific Method Communicate the Results 7. Communicate the Results: Be prepared to present the project to an audience. Expect questions from the audience.

28. Observation/Research John researches the areas of baking and fermentation and tries to come up with a way to test his question. He keeps all of his information on this topic in a journal.

29. Problem/Question John wonders if the amount of sugar used in the recipe will affect the size of the bread loaf?

30. Problem/Question John watches his grandmother bake bread. He ask his grandmother what makes the bread rise. She explains that yeast releases a gas as it feeds on sugar.

31. Formulate a Hypothesis After talking with his teacher and conducting further research, he comes up with a hypothesis. “If more sugar is added, then the bread will rise higher.”

32. Experiment His teacher helps him come up with a procedure and list of needed materials. She discusses with John how to determine the control group.

33. Experiment John writes out his procedure for his experiment along with a materials list in his journal. He has both of these checked by his teacher where she checks for any safety concerns.

34. Experiment Once again, John gathers his materials and carries out his experiment..

35. Collect and Analyze Results John comes up with a table he can use to record his data. John gets all his materials together and carries out his experiment.

36. Collect and Analyze Results John examines his data and notices that his control worked the best in this experiment, but not significantly better than 100g. of sugar.

37. Size of Baked Bread (LxWxH) cm 3 Amt. of Sugar (g.) 123Average Size (cm 3 ) 25768744761758 501296118812961260 10011881080 1116 250672576588612 500432504360432 Size of Bread Loaf (cm 3 ) Trials Control group

38. Conclusion John rejects his hypothesis, but decides to re-test using sugar amounts between 50g. and 100g.

39. Conclusion John finds that 70g. of sugar produces the largest loaf. His hypothesis is accepted.

40. Communicate the Results John tells his grandmother about his findings and prepares to present his project in Science class.

41. Think you can name all seven steps? Problem/QuestionObservation/Research Formulate a Hypothesis Experiment Collect and Analyze Results Conclusion Communicate the Results

42. Homework: A. Create a visual vocabulary sheet on the scientific method: 1. Picture representing each step 2. Explanation in your own words to describe the step. Problem/Question Observation/Research Formulate a Hypothesis Experiment Collect and Analyze Results Conclusion Communicate the Results

43. Application of the Scientific Method Problem: You recently purchased a new plant from your hardware store. You water the plant everyday according to the directions, and notice the plant is beginning to wilt. Apply the steps of the scientific method to this situation. Be prepared to share with the class

44. Let’s put our knowledge of the Scientific Method to a realistic example that includes some of the terms you’ll be needing to use and understand.

45. Caution! Be careful how you use effect and affect. Effect is usually a noun and affect, a verb. “ The effect of sugar amounts on the rising of bread.” “How does sugar affect the rising of bread?”

46. John talks with his teacher and she gives him a Experimental Design Diagram to help him set up his investigation.

48. Hypothesis The hypothesis is an educated guess about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Note: These variables will be defined in the next few slides.

49. Do you know the difference between the independent and dependent variables?

50. Independent Variable The independent, or test variable, is a factor that’s intentionally varied by the experimenter. John is going to use 25g., 50g., 100g., 250g., 500g. of sugar in his experiment.

51. Dependent Variable The dependent, or outcome variable, is the factor that may change as a result of changes made in the independent variable. In this case, it would be the size of the loaf of bread.

52. Control Group In a scientific experiment, the control is the group that serves as the standard of comparison. The control group may be a “no treatment" or an “experimenter selected” group.

53. Control Group The control group is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group, except for the variable being tested. All experiments should have a control group.

54. Control Group Because his grandmother always used 50g. of sugar in her recipe, John is going to use that amount in his control group.

55. Constants John’s teacher reminds him to keep all other factors the same so that any observed changes in the bread can be attributed to the variation in the amount of sugar.

56. Constants The constants in an experiment are all the factors that the experimenter attempts to keep the same.

57. Can you think of some constants for this experiment?

58. Constants They might include: Other ingredients to the bread recipe, oven used, rise time, brand of ingredients, cooking time, type of pan used, air temperature and humidity where the bread was rising, oven temperature, age of the yeast…

59. Trials Trials refer to replicate groups that are exposed to the same conditions in an experiment. John is going to test each sugar variable 3 times.

60. Can you tell which group did the best?

61. Size of Baked Bread (LxWxH) cm 3 Amt. of Sugar (g.) 123Average Size (cm 3 ) 501296144012961344 601404129614401380 701638 15601612 8014041296 1332 90108012009721084 Size of Bread Loaf (cm 3 ) Trials Control group