1. Lead Black Slide Powered by DeSiaMore1

2. 2 Chapter 14 Managing Information Systems and Technology

3. Powered by DeSiaMore3 Our Agenda Planning for Information Systems and Technology Acquiring Information Technology Organizing Information Systems Activities Controlling and Securing Information Systems

4. Powered by DeSiaMore4 Our Agenda (cont’d.) The Effects of Information Technology on Employment Ethical Management of Information Systems and Technology

5. Powered by DeSiaMore5 Learning Objectives Identify several factors that should be considered in planning for information systems and technology. Describe common sources for acquiring information technology. Describe the traditional organizational structure of an information systems department.

6. Powered by DeSiaMore6 Learning Objectives (cont’d.) List the specialized personnel needed for World Wide Web and electronic commerce support. Identify methods used by organizations to control and secure their information systems.

7. Powered by DeSiaMore7 Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Describe different forms of computer crime and ways of preventing them. List several effects of information technology on employment.

8. Powered by DeSiaMore8 Planning for Information Systems and Technology Managing Information Systems and Technology

9. Powered by DeSiaMore9 Planning for Information Systems and Technology The planning activity involves determining what should be done. Planning for information systems and technology involves determining what systems will be developed and what technology will be used in the future.

10. Powered by DeSiaMore10 Planning for Information Systems and Technology (cont’d.) The planning horizon can involve varying amounts of time. Operational planning – a few weeks to a few months. Tactical planning – several months to a few years Strategic planning – several years to a decade or more

11. Powered by DeSiaMore11 Planning for Information Systems and Technology (cont’d.) Planning involves evaluating risk. Risk is often related to three factors: 1.Size of the system development project. 2.Familiarity of the business with information technology used in the new system. 3.Amount of structure in the systems development process.

12. Powered by DeSiaMore12 Planning for Information Systems and Technology (cont’d.) Planning what information systems should be developed and what technology should be used involves selecting an application portfolio. An application portfolio is a description of what systems will be developed, and when, as well as an assessment of the risk associated with each system.

13. Powered by DeSiaMore13 Acquiring Information Technology Managing Information Systems and Technology

14. Powered by DeSiaMore14 Acquiring Information Technology Five categories of information technology to be purchased: Hardware Software Networks Data management Personnel and training

15. Powered by DeSiaMore15 Hardware Computer hardware can be purchased from a number of sources. They include: Computer manufacturers Distributors Retail stores Value added resellers

16. Powered by DeSiaMore16 Software Software can be developed from scratch, purchased as a package, or purchased and then modified. Sources include: Developed or modified In-house programmers Contract programmers

17. Powered by DeSiaMore17 Software (cont’d.) Purchased Computer manufacturers Software companies Retail stores Value added resellers

18. Powered by DeSiaMore18 Networks Technology for networks can be acquired from a number of sources. They include: Network companies Computer manufacturers Software companies Value added resellers Telecommunications companies Value added network companies

19. Powered by DeSiaMore19 Data Management Acquiring data management technology first requires a decision about the basic approach to data management. Sources include: Computer manufacturers Software companies Database software companies

20. Powered by DeSiaMore20 Personnel and Training Managers can select personnel from inside the organization or hire from the outside. Training departments with full-time instructors provide courses and other forms of training. Computer Based Training (CBT) software is used to train users online.

21. Powered by DeSiaMore21 Organizing Information Systems Activities Managing Information Systems and Technology

22. Powered by DeSiaMore22 Organizing Information Systems Activities Centralized versus decentralized management. Both management structures have advantages. Centralized is more economical with no duplication of personnel. Decentralized provides better response to user needs due to their proximity.

23. Powered by DeSiaMore23 Organizing Information Systems Activities (cont’d.) In a centralized management structure, decisions related to the information systems and technology are made by a single, centrally located group of managers.

24. Powered by DeSiaMore24 Organizing Information Systems Activities (cont’d.) In a decentralized management structure, decisions related to the information systems and technology are made by managers working in local departments or groups.

25. Powered by DeSiaMore25 Information Systems Organizational Structure Department may be called Information Systems (IS), Management Information Systems (MIS), Information Technology (IT), or something similar. Headed by an information systems manager, sometimes called a Chief Information Officer (CIO).

26. Powered by DeSiaMore26 Information Systems Organizational Structure (cont’d.) Traditional organization of an information systems department: Systems department Operations department Technical support department End-user support department WWW and electronic commerce support

27. Powered by DeSiaMore27 Systems Department Concerned with developing and maintaining information systems. Staff includes: Systems analysts Programmers, sometimes called application programmers Programmer/Analyst when a person performs both functions

28. Powered by DeSiaMore28 Operations Department Concerned with operating the computer and network equipment needed in information systems. Staff includes: Computer operators Data entry operators

29. Powered by DeSiaMore29 Technical Support Department Provides assistance in technical specialties to other areas. Staff includes: Database administrator System programmers Network analysts Network administrators

30. Powered by DeSiaMore30 End-user Support Department Helps users develop and use computer applications, mainly on personal computers. Staff includes: Personal computer analysts Help desk operators Technical trainers

31. Powered by DeSiaMore31 WWW and Electronic Commerce Support People involved in Web and e-commerce support are often part of the system development area in the information systems department. Staff includes: Webmaster Web programmers Multimedia developers E-commerce project manager

32. Powered by DeSiaMore32 Controlling and Securing Information Systems Managing Information Systems and Technology

33. Powered by DeSiaMore33 Controlling and Securing Information Systems Information system controls Application controls – designed to ensure that the application processes all data correctly and produces the desired output. Input controls Data validation Output controls Storage controls Processing controls

34. Powered by DeSiaMore34 Controlling and Securing Information Systems (cont’d.) Hardware controls Error-checking hardware Parity bits Duplicate or redundant hardware RAID disk system – Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks Fault-tolerant computer systems Uninterruptible Power Supply – UPS

35. Powered by DeSiaMore35 Controlling and Securing Information Systems (cont’d.) Failure recovery procedures Backup and recovery procedures Disaster recovery plan Information system security Physical security Electronic security

36. Powered by DeSiaMore36 Controlling and Securing Information Systems (cont’d.) Preventing computer crime requires special forms of security. Common computer crimes include: Theft of money Theft of data Theft and destruction of hardware Illegal copying of software Destruction of data and software

37. Powered by DeSiaMore37 The Effects of Information Technology on Employment Managing Information Systems and Technology

38. Powered by DeSiaMore38 The Effects of Information Technology on Employment The effects of information technology on employment include: Displaced employees Changing patterns of work Employee health

39. Powered by DeSiaMore39 Ethical Management of Information Systems and Technology Managing Information Systems and Technology

40. Powered by DeSiaMore40 Ethical Management of Information Systems and Technology Ethical issues include: Privacy – what information should remain confidential Accuracy – is the information accurate Property – who owns the information Access – who needs to have access to the information

41. Powered by DeSiaMore41 Managing Information Systems and Technology Key Terms

42. Powered by DeSiaMore42 Key Terms Application Portfolio Application Programmer Chief Information Officer (CIO) Computer-Based Training (CBT) Computer Operator Data Entry Operator E-commerce Project Manager Fault-Tolerant Computer System Hacker Help Desk Help Desk Operator Information Center Information Systems Manager Multimedia Developer

43. Powered by DeSiaMore43 Key Terms (cont’d.) Network Analyst (Administrator) Personal Computer Analyst Planning Horizon Programmer/Analyst Public Domain Software Shareware Site License Software License Agreement Software Piracy System Programmer Technical Trainer UPS Value Added Reseller (VAR) Virus

44. Powered by DeSiaMore44 Key Terms (cont’d.) Webmaster Web Programmer

45. Powered by DeSiaMore45 Summary Planning for Information Systems and Technology Acquiring Information Technology Organizing Information Systems Activities Controlling and Securing Information Systems

46. Powered by DeSiaMore46 Summary (cont’d.) The Effects of Information Technology on Employment Ethical Management of Information Systems and Technology

47. Final Black Slide Powered by DeSiaMore47