1. Characterization of MEMS Deformable Mirrors for Wavefront Control in Extreme Adaptive Optics Center for Adaptive Optics University of California, Santa Cruz Laboratory for Adaptive Optics Layra Reza Research Advisor: Scott Severson, Ph.D.

2. Extreme Adaptive Optics Direct imaging detection of extrasolar planets eXtreme Adaptive Optics Planet Imager (XAOPI) Young planets and debris disks. Understanding of planetary systems and properties of planets. www.cfao.ucolick/research/xaopi Simulated XAOPI image

3. ExAO Testbed Achieving a contrast level of 10 7 Wavefront control and low Wavefront RMS error Characterization of a 1024-actuator MEMS (Micro- Electro-Mechanical-System) deformable mirror

4. Science Case 2 nm 1 nm 0 nm 5 Jupiter Mass Planet 500 MYr old (Cooling) 15 minute integration on Keck. Bruce Macintosh

5. Project Goals Characterize performance of the 1024 Actuators. Use different bias voltages to check for repeatability. Find the different types of response. Find how the different types of actuators affect wavefront control and error. http://bifano.bu.edu/tgbifano/Web/BMC_Mirror_Files/13_JSTQE.pdf http://bifano.bu.edu/tgbifano/Web/BMC_Mirror_Files/24_Electrostatic_effects.pdf Daren Dillon

6. Mean - 884.06 nm Standard Deviation 22.92 nm or 2.59 % 96.2 % of All tested actuators constitute these results.

7. 3.8 % of the actuators do not have an adequate performance. 78 % of these are pairs.

8. NOT a Smooth Quadratic Response 1.1 % of Actuators

9. Float with Bias Problem with Electronics (Digital-to Analog-Converter) MEMS Short Circuit 1.1 % of Actuators Variability

10. Actuators do not move beyond the surface level Does the Bias determine the maximum voltage? Mechanical Problem 1.6 % of actuators

11. Wavefront Error Benefits of Using the Exact Fit for every Actuator Fewer Steps to flatten the MEMS DM to within 1 nm Smooth Curve

12. Conclusions There have been 3 different types of misbehaving actuators identified. Over and Under Responsive No Response No Response after Bias Voltage Using the exact fit for every actuator makes the flattening of the mirror a faster process. The next step is to find how every type affects wavefront control and why the different types of bad actuators occur and why they do it in pairs.

13. Acknowledgements The Laboratory for Adaptive Optics Scott Severson, Ph.D. Katie Morzinski Darren Dillon Julia Wilhelmsen The Center for Adaptive Optics Malika Bell Hilary O'Bryan Lisa Hunter Emily De La Garza Oscar Azucena Carlos Cabrera National Science Foundation (Grant #AST-987683)