1. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 SKADS Science Overview

2. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 SKADS Science Overview SKA Science Case SKADS Science Interactions

3. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Strong Field Tests of Gravity Binary orbit permits determination of masses Relativistic effects permit (re) determination of masses. ALL MUST AGREE http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/~pulsar/

4. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Strong Field Tests of Gravity Large surveys will find exotic binarys –~20 000 pulsars in the galaxy –Edge-on Pulsar – Black-hole binary (at least one) Probe eg. Frame dragging Pulsar timing array –Gravitational wave background

5. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Probing the Dark Ages When did the first luminous objects form? How did they form and over what period of time? SKA will detect the Epoch of Reionisation and map the evolution history of the first luminous objects

6. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Local hydrogen Hydrogen in a distant galaxy Billions of galaxies! Large Scale Structure

7. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 1% ! Precision Cosmology

8. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Cosmic Magnetism Origin of magnetic fields –Dynamo? –Primordial?

9. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Cradle of Life Protoplanetary disks resolved to Earth-like orbits Organic molecules Extrasolar planets Extra terrestrial intelligence

10. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Transient signal

11. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Transients Pulsar is a special case of transient phenomena (periodic) Giant pulses Supernova Bursters ETI

12. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 The Unknown New discoveries always result from observations in new parameter space –sensitivity –spatial resolution –spectral resolution –polarisation –time domain –observing speed (multibeaming) eg. CMB, pulsars, extra solar planets,… SKA improves all of these

13. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 SKA Science Book Chris Carilli & Steve Rawlings, New Astronomy Reviews, Vol.48, Elsevier, Dec. 2004 www.skatelescope.org

14. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 SKADS Science Interactions The Universe Our understanding of the Universe Sky Simulation (DS2T1) Convolution with the telescope (DS2T2) Network simulator (DS3T3) Technology development (DS4) Technology demonstrators (DS5 & DS6) observations brain power Catalogs, images, EM fields voltages measurements and simulated performance Request spec change BENCHMARK Backend data Data imaging (DS2T2) Simulated telescope image Data analysis (DS2) science goals achievable?

15. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 SKADS Science Interactions The Universe Our understanding of the Universe Sky Simulation (DS2T1) Convolution with the telescope (DS2T2) Network simulator (DS3T3) Technology development (DS4) Technology demonstrators (DS5 & DS6) observations brain power voltages measurements and simulated performance Backend data Data imaging (DS2T2) Simulated telescope image Data analysis (DS2) science goals achievable? NO: not technologically feasible NO: too expensive Consider trade-offs Request spec change BENCHMARK Catalogs, images, EM fields

16. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 SKADS Benchmark Special case of the SKA reference design 100MHz – 300MHz sparse phased array (eg. LOFAR) 300MHz - ~2GHz dense phased array (eg. EMBRACE) >2GHz 6m dishes with FPA The benchmark is evolving… –www.skads-eu.orgwww.skads-eu.org Select “benchmark”

17. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 DS2 Participants and work packages Line HI Surveys – Oxford, Groningen, Swinburne Continuum Surveys – Oxford, Leiden, Lisbon Pulsar Surveys – Manchester EOR – Paris, Lisbon, Oxford Magnetism – Cambridge, Bonn Cradle of Life – no explicit SKADS effort

18. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 DS2 Broad Role Provide Simulated Skies (output to DS2-T2) Quantify Science Return Versus Design for FOV, A/T sys etc (input from DS2-T2) Respond To Changing Science Environment Deliverables: simulated skies and quantified design constraints

19. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Multibeam & Multitasking

20. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 DS2 & SKADS Technical Programme Original goals of DS2 complimentary to SKADS Technical Developments:  EMBRACE (European Multi-beam Radio Astronomy Concept) - DS5  Low-frequency bias in the original DS2 proposal and description of work European astronomers quick to recognise potential of Aperture Array: 1.“All sky” coverage, extremely wide-field of view 2.Frequency coverage (0.3 - 1.4 GHz) 3.Independently steerable, multiple fields-of-view (beams), experimental science…? 4.Transient buffer (data “replay”) capability 5.Instantaneous response to externally triggered events 6.Software telescope (clear upgrade path that follows Moore’s law)

21. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Evaluation of EMBRACE (DS5T3) Demonstrate that EMBRACE can be used for astronomical observations –Pulsar timing –Multibeam pulsar timing –HI mapping –Continuum mapping –Source tracking –Observations in the presence of strong sources (moon, sun) –Correlation with long baseline (Westerbork – Nançay) –Engineering/characterisation testing Beam profile, Tsys, Aeff, etc,

22. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Science Advisory Group Advise Project Scientist –Key science projects –SKA related results (theory and observation) –Modifications to benchmark –4 members plus Project Scientist –6 meetings per year (teleconference) (terms of reference and members under discussion)

23. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 SKADS Science Activities Sky simulations: DS2T1 –Already active involvement from Portugal –SKADS needs input on Crade of Life projects Telescope simulations and configuration studies DS2T2 Evaluation of EMBRACE DS5T3 Evolution of Benchmark SKADS Science Advisory Group

24. Steve Torchinsky SKADS Science Overview Lisbon 2007 Jan 12 Contact Steve Torchinsky SKADS Project Scientist Observatoire de Paris Phone: +33 1 45 07 75 02 Email: projsci@skads-eu.org Web: http://www.skads-eu.org