1. Echinoidea Harrison Cassidy, Lauren Bower, Renée Carew, Tosin Fashoranti

2. Introduction  Phylum Echinodermata  Regular and Irregular  Found in all intertidal zones  ~1000 known species

3. Evolutionary History  Regular echinoids 450 million years ago during the Ordovician Period  Irregular echinoids  Ancestral deuterostome  Believed to evolve from the edioasteriods

4. Edrioasteroids

5. Regular Echiniods  Water vascular system  Locomotion  Respiration  Food an waste transportation  Aristotle’s lantern  Bilateral symmetry  Test (aka the shell)  Movable spines  Inhabit the ocean floor  Omnivores

6. Irregular  Not formally a group  Penta-radial & bilateral symmetry  Anus on the side rather than apex

7. Heart Urchin  About 2 inches in diameter  Muddy areas, burrowing up to 6 inches  Most common in depths under 160ft

8. Sand Dollar  Shallow, sandy areas  Flattened  Miniature spines (felt like)  Aristotle’s Lantern (mouth) more flat & grinds sand  Bury themselves for defense

9. Life Cycle  There are two types of life cycles:  Planktotrophy  Lecithotrophy

10.  Several eggs are externally fertilized in the water column  Larval phase  Echinopluteus Planktotrophy Echinopluteus

11.  Fewer eggs that are larger  The eggs are externally fertilized in the mother’s pouch  No larval phase Lecithotrophy

12. Fun facts  The red sea urchin can live up to 200 years or longer.  Sea urchin eggs are commonly eaten in sushi.  Sea urchins are also called “sea heghogs”.  They have a large fossil record due to the high calcium content in their shells.

13. Bibliography  "The Echinoid Directory." - Natural History Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/echinoid- directory/intro/introduction.html http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/echinoid- directory/intro/introduction.html  "Animal Diversity Web." Animal Diversity Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014..  "Introduction to the Echinoidea." The Echinoidea. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinoidea.html http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinoidea.html  Follo, Judy. "Animal Diversity Web." Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan, n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Echinoidea/http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Echinoidea/  "Investigation." Sea Urchin. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014..  "Class Echinoidea." Class Echinoidea. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014..

14.  Heart Urchin. Digital image. Heart Urchin. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014..  Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2011). World Echinoidea Database. Available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/echinoidea[accessed 2014-03-30].  Living Sand Dollar. Digital image. Panoramio. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014..  Long Post Central. Digital image. (Sand Dollars! Actually a Sort of Sea Urchin! For...). N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014..  "The Echinoid Directory." - Natural History Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014..  "Major Phyla Of Animals." Animal Phyla. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014..  "The Heart Urchin." Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014..