1. 9th International C onference Balkan Political Club Bosnia& Herzegovina: Crossing from Dayton s to Brussels phase and the Role of the International Community 6 – 7 May 2006, Sarajevo Education in Bosnia-Herzegovina Prof. Lamija TANOVIĆ University of Sarajevo

2. Mistakes Many mistakes have been made in BiH in the reconstruction period from Dayton to today. The greatest mistake was a permanent neglect of the education sector. The consequences of this are still not fully known as the effects will take many years to be fully apparent.

3. Structure of B&H Extravagant structure of the state of Bosnia- Herzegovina: Main reason of problems in educational sector too

4. Apartheid in B&H schools The state of Bosnia and Herzegovina has no authority in the educational sector. This fact has had dire consequences. One of the most appalling consequences has been the institution of apartheid in Bosnian elementary schools – the infamous two schools under one roof system.

5. Educating generations for the future In the totally segregated schools we are educating new generations that do not know their country and who do not lowe their country.

6. And what about Higher Education? Bologna Proccess – Inspiration for Reforms For many countries, Bologna has been an inspiration and a recipe for much needed reforms. This is also true for the SEE countries and for our country – Bosnia and Herzegovina too.

7. Members of the Bologna Process- EHEA

8. Ministerial Conference in Bergen 19-20 Maj 2005

10. Assesment of the important areas of reform for all 40 Members of the Bologna Process was made

11. What was assessed in these three fields? Quality Assurance: 1.1 Stage of development of quality assurance system 1.2 Key elements of evaluation systems 1.3 Level of participation of students 1.4 Level of international participation, co-operation and networking Two cycle system: 2.1 Stage of implementation of two-cycle system 2.2 Level of student enrolment in two-cycle system 2.3 Access from first cycle to second cycle Recognition: 3.1 Stage of implementation of Diploma Supplement 3.2 Ratification of Lisbon Recognition Convention 3.3 Stage of implementation of ECTS

12. Assesment Scale GreenExcellent performance Light GreenVery good performance YellowGood performance OrangeSome progress has been made RedLittle progress has been made yet

13. COMPARATIVE ASSESMENT CHART

15. Average Scores for the Three Priority Action Lines Number of countries in each colour category Green Light green YellowOrangeRed Quality assurance 1513780 2-cycle degree 1813462 Recognition1420900 Score for all10191130

16. Good news: Bologna is working

17. Development Evaluation systemsParticipation of students International participation Score QA Student enrolment Access Score 2-cycle Lisbon Rec. Convention Diploma Supplement Implementation ECTS Score Recognition Total Score Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina France Norway Quality Assurance 2-cycleRecognition But Bologna is not working equally well everywhere (examples of national scorecards)

18. What about our region -The Balkans What if we compare BiH with the countries from the region or just countries from former Yugoslavia?

19. SEE Countries Score Cards CountryQA 2cycle syst. RecognitionTotal Score Albania B&H Bulgaria Croatia Greece Macedonia Montenegro Romania Serbia Turkey

20. In order to join to European Area of Higher Education we have to create Bosnian Higher Education Area. The state of Bosnia and Herzegovina has almost no competence in the area of higher education. There is no Ministry of Education at the State level. There is no law on higher education at the state level.

21. Acreditation and Standards Universities and faculties do not undergo the process of accreditation, since the current laws do not envisage such a possibility. The new Law will have to regulate this issue as well. In the area of higher education the appropriate standards and norms that apply to a diverse set of issues (dealing with education, teaching and other staff and personnel, space requirements, etc.) have not been passed and implemented.

22. Universities in B&H There are currently eight Universities in the country: University of Bihać, University of Banja Luka, University of Tuzla, University of Sarajevo, University East Sarajevo, University Džemal Bijedić Mostar (East), University Mostar (West) and University Zenica.

23. Universities in B&H Despite the large number of universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, only 15% of young people go on to attend one. We are living in a world in which higher education is becoming a public good and in which growing numbers of young people attend university. In Europe 52%, in Japan 49%, in Canada 59% and in the USA an amazing 81%[1] of young people attend university.[1] [1] Jan Figel (member of European Commission responsible for Education, Training, Culture and Multilinguism Strong Universities for Europe, EUA Convention of European Higher Education Institutions, Glasgow, 31 March 2005

24. Higher Education Budget The annual budget for higher education in B&H is 56,75 million i.e. approximately 550 per student. This amounts to the following per student: USA: 14.851 Canada: 10.934 Sweden: 9.918 Scotland 9.101 The budget for higher education are 20 to 40 times less in BiH than in Europe, and the rest of teh world.

25. Comparison with the countries in the region

26. KM/Student/Year (1Euro=2KM)

27. Universities in B&H: KM/Student/Year

28. Bologna Reform and financing the HE There is no reform of HE without new investments. For instance: In 2005, while Croatia invested approximately 18 million KM for the implementation of the Bologna Proccess, B&H did not invest a single mark. Generally, public investment in higher education in B&H amount to about 30KM per inhabitant which makes them less than 6% of the European average.

29. We have our excuses: war, devastation, brain-drain

30. But this is not good enough any more Not ten years after the war. Not after extensive financial assistance that B&H received in the post-war period.

31. In order to establish positive mobility and prevent the brain drain it is necessary to do the following: to reconstruct the research infrastructure destroyed by the war or is outdated The reconstruction of research infrastructure is sine qua non for the revitalization of the research sector. Without this reconstruction we cannot even approach the other priorities of this process. to reform higher education in the spirit of the Bologna Process making it possible for undergraduates to spend some time studying abroad to reform the visa regime imposed on the countries in the region

32. Instead of Conclusion Apartheit has to be urgentla and energetically expelled from our schools!! Higher education has the potential to play a significant role in supporting economic regeneration in Bosnia and Herzegovina while, at the same time, enhancing an understanding and practice of democracy. Deep-rooted changes in higher education are needed to ensure democratic development in both higher education institutions and within BiH society itself, reforms that should, at the same time, improve the economic well- being of the country.

33. THE END