1. Proactive Strategies for Advancing Women in Science ICI2004, Montreal, Canada Careers and Representation of Women Scientists in French Government Institutions Catherine Sautes-Fridman Professor of Immunology University Pierre et Marie Curie Faculte des Sciences France

2. A GOOD START AT UNIVERSITY, BUT A PROGRESSIVE DECLINE ! 1 OUT OF 3 RESEARCHERS ARE WOMEN % women Undergrad. Students PhD Students Researchers % women % men

3. MORE WOMEN IN LIFE SCIENCES THAN IN MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS OR ENGINEERING Life Sciences Chem. Med. Math. Physics Engineering 50%women 10% women

4. Percentage of Women in… Government Research Institutes Universities 36%Research Associate 30% Associate Professor 21%Research Director 7% Professor 6% Research Director 4,5% President of (top of the ladder) University (source CNRS) DIFFICULT TO CLIMB THE HIERARCHY..

6. WHO DECIDES ? 30% WOMEN IN NATIONAL COMMITTEES Source : CNRS

7. WOMEN’S CARRIER IN SCIENCE IN GERMANY

8. SAME SITUATION ! Undergrad. Students PhD Students Assistant Prof. Professors Undergrad. Students PhD Students Assistant Prof. Professors

9. BACK TO FRANCE : WHY IS IT SO ? GENDER STEREOTYPES : » men at work women at home »  During education  In society generates self-censorship: scientific carriers seem unreachable !  FAMILY LIFE  conciliation of professional and family life  less opportunities for international mobility

10.  AT SCHOOL, FIGHTING AGAINST COMMON STEREOTYPES IN TEXT BOOKS  MAKING SCIENCE MORE ATTRACTIVE  INTRODUCING MORE WOMEN SCIENTISTS TO THE PUBLIC : Marie Curie, Irene Joliot-Curie but the others?  ORGANIZING NETWORKS  REINFORCING SOLIDARITY TO PROMOTE WOMEN IN SCIENCE SOME SOLUTIONS…

11. EU DECISIONS AGAINST SEX DISCRIMINATION  GENDER MAINSTREAMING STRATEGY: EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY OF WOMEN AND MEN IN SCIENCE  DEVELOPING CONCERTED ACTIONS BETWEEN EU MEMBERS : FP6 call  REINFORCING PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN EU PROGRAMS  CREATING AN EUROPEAN NETWORK OF WOMEN IN SCIENCE  DEVELOPING MORE POSSIBILITIES OF « WORKING FROM HOME »

12. BACK TO IMMUNOLOGY…. LET’S START TO WORK AT THE EUROPEAN LEVEL.

13.  MAKING SCIENCE MORE ATTRACTIVE TO PUBLIC : « Public Awareness of Immunology » organized by the European Federation of Immunological Societies (EFIS)  INTRODUCING MORE WOMEN SCIENTISTS TO THE PUBLIC: women speaker’s list (AAI CSOW)  ORGANIZING NETWORKS: -FP6 call -Organize a «Women in Immunology » session in the next European meeting : ECI-2006 SOME ACTIONS IN EUROPEAN IMMUNOLOGY

15. mehrra@repertoire.os.biu.ac.il CONTACT