1. Need http://www.greenfacts.org/en/biodi versity/images/bdv-3-17-n- fertilizers.jpg SCN /C.elegans www.epa,gov Resistant Soy http://www.biochem.arizona.edu Rhizobium http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/3353096.jpg?v=1&c=ViewImages&k=2 &d=0629904139C22E587A5A3CC511DB2D78A55A1E4F32AD3138 Paecilomyces lilacinus http://www.im.ac. http://www.wmc.ac.uk/biology/Image2.jpg Pasteuria Penetrans www1.montpellier.inra.fr Chitin/Clove Oil http://www.wmc.ac.uk/biology/Image2.jpg www.koihealth.org Inheritance of resistance to SCN in RIL soy Tilka Tilka confirms resistant soy are unaffected by SCN SCN can circumvent soy resistance in under 3 years (36 generations Creation of new resistant strains is more difficult Resistant Strain V. Susceptible Strain http://www.nature.com Pathogenicity of Fungi to Eggs of Heterodera Glycine Dickson Dickson Concludes that parasitic nematodes were reduced significantly by fungus Dickson says fungi inhibits the hatching of nematodes eggs Dickson suggests that egg and juvenile parasitism is the best way to reduce nematodes http://fulltextt10.fcla.edu/DLData/SN/SN0022300X/0028_002/96_1 9.pdf Chitin levels greater or equal to.05% limit nematodes by 50% At.05% chitin levels plant height is greater that controls Control of Soybean Cyst Nematode By Chitionolytic Bacteria and Chitin Substrate Tian Life Cycle Ultrastructure and Host Specifity of Pasteuria that Parasitizes theSoybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Glycines by G. R. Noel endospores only attach themselves and develop in female juvenile nematodes 100,000 endospores/g reduced nematode population by 95% Pod yields increased 94% with 100,000 endospores/g Purpose The purpose of the experiment would be to test how biological controls to parasitic nematodes (i.e. SCN) would work with a SCN resistant variety of soy to limit both damage of SCN to soy and the development of resistance among parasitic nematodes, the experiment would also test how fungi effects the local micro biota. Hypothesis Hypothesis: H(o)- Resistant soy inoculated with biological controls will have no significant difference in C.elegan count or Rhizobium population from that in plain soy. H(a)- Resistant soy inoculated with biological controls will have significantly lower C.elegan count than that in plain soy and similar to that in soy exposed to Copper Sulfate. Resistant soy inoculated with biological controls will have statistically similar Rhizobium populations to plain soy and statistically higher Rhizobium populations than the soy with resistant Rhizobium and copper sulfate. Effects of clove oil on SCN Meyer.4% levels of clove oil significantly decreased egg count.12% levels kill half of all eggs and hatched nematodes http://www.fao.org/docrep/v9978e/v 9978e07.jpg Food Prices have risen in recent years World Food PricesSoy Use of Resistant Soy Effects of SCN Resistant Soy is the primary non-chemical SCN control SCN significantly reduces soy yield In the cyst form SCN are nearly impossible to destroy Rhizobium perform sybiosis with soy, fixing nitrogen Rhizobium reduces the need for nitrogen fertilizer by half Paecilomyces lilacinus traps and kills nematodes by interfering with their cell membranes Chitin/ Clove Oil are potential organic nonliving biocontrols Pasteuria Penetrans endospores paralyze female juvenile SCN