1. America’s Economic Revolution Chapter 10

3. Factors that allow Industrial Growth *Population *Transportation/communication *Technology *Business organization

4. 1790 1800 1820 1830 1840 1860 US Population

5. Factors for Population Growth *Public Health Efforts *High Birth Rates *Immigration

6. Growth of Cities * 1860 – 26% of North in cities *Growth along Miss. R. & tribs *Growth along Great Lakes *Poor immigrants stay in cities

7. Irish German English Northern European Other

8. Different groups settle in different parts of the US Based on economic circumstances

10. NATIVISM *Immigrants inferior *Breed urban slums *Corrupt politics – sell votes *Stealing jobs from real Americans *Catholic –Pope will take over

11. Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner American Party

12. The Know-Nothings

14. CANALS

15. ERIE CANAL *Started 1817 finished 1825 *$7 million *Easier transportation of goods 1820 1 ton flour 3 weeks $120 1825 1 ton flour 8 days $6 *13,000 boats 1 st year

16. DeWitt Clinton

17. Effect on NYC *Population from: 123,000 in 1820 to 814,000 in 1860 *1800 - 9% of US Exports *1860 - 62%

18. RAILROADS

19. Growth 1830 23 miles 1840 2818 miles 1850 9021 miles 1860 30626 miles 2/3 of track in North

20. Major RR lines New York Central New York And Erie Pennsylvania Baltimore & Ohio

21. 1844 Samuel Morse By 1860 50,000 miles Connects East to West

22. Changes in Newspapers *Steam Cylinder Rotary Press *Telegraph *1846 Associated Press *Raymond-Times *Greely-Tribune *Bennett-Herald

23. Value of Manufactured Goods 1840 $483,000,000 1850 $1,000,000,000 1860 $2,000,000,000 74,000 of 140,000 manufacturers are in Northeast

24. 1830- 544 1850 - 993 1860 - 4778 Patents

25. 1839 Charles Goodyear Vulcanized Rubber

26. Sewing Machine 1846 Elias Howe Improved by Isaac Singer

27. Clipper Ship 300 miles per day 1840’s & 50’s peak

28. LABOR

29. Opening of new farmland in Midwest & new farm equipment allows surplus of food to be grown Better transportation allows it to get to cities

30. 2 ways to recruit workers 1.Mid-Atlantic – bring whole families from farms 2.Young women- mostly from farms 17-20

31. Lowell Girls

32. Immigrants Many need money -will work for less -will accept poor working conditions

33. Factory Workers Average Hours 12-14 per day Skilled Male $4-10 Unskilled Male $1-6 Women & kids less

34. Skilled artisans hurt by mass production Form trade unions Unions don’t do well

35. Some help for workers: Some states pass max workday laws at 10 hours Some pass child labor laws- limit at 10 unless parents agree to more Massachusetts Supreme Court says unions legal

36. Poor & Rich

37. In 1860 5% of families own 50% of the wealth

38. Character of wealth changes With merchants and industrialist wealth goes from property to MONEY

39. Culture of wealth begins to change *live in opulent neighborhoods *belong to clubs *show off wealth

40. Central Park

44. Destitute-Bottom of Society *Widows & orphans *unemployed immigrants *Mentally ill *Physically unable to work *Forced to menial labor: Irish Free Blacks

45. Possibility for change: *Social mobility *Geographic mobility

46. Move to cities changes family structure *Father loses control-no longer can use land distribution

47. *Home no longer center of all activity Separation of private (home) and public (work) lives

48. Women and the Cult of Domesticity Change for women comes with the middle class

49. Husband is the income producer Work is seen as only for lower class women Middle class wives stay home

50. Women become guardian of domestic virtue *Nurture the children *Provide proper living space *companion & helper

51. Women develop unique culture Begin to form clubs and associations Women’s literature and magazines

52. AGRICULTURE

53. New England Farmers not able to compete with Mid-West in grains Some will leave farms for cities

54. Some farmer change crops: *grow fruit and vegetables *dairy farms *hay

55. With growth of factories & cities the demand for farm goods increases Relationship develops between Northeast and Midwest

57. This economic connection further links the two sections Who is left out? The South

58. Necessity for growth of cities is increased agricultural production

59. More land Better seeds/crops Better animals Better tools

60. John Deere – Steel Plow

61. Thresher Man 7 bushels per day Thresher 25 bushels per hour

62. 1 man with scythe 1 acre per day

63. Cyrus McCormick – Reaper 1 man w/reaper - 8 acres per day

64. Increased production per person allows % of Americans on farms to decline yet still feed growing urban population